Prevalence of polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity and its predictors in critically ill adult patients: A meta-analysis

Table 3 Pooled odds ratio estimates for potential predictors of polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity

Variables	Effect size				Heterogeneity
	OR (95%CI)	Model	Z	P value	I2 (%)	P value
Pooled OR, RR, HR based on univariate analysis
Male gender	1.570 (0.930-2.660)	Fixed	1.67	0.095	0	0.964
Female gender	0.773 (0.418-1.427)	Random	0.82	0.410	65.6	0.033
Age (yr)	1.025 (1.012-1.039)	Random	3.65	0.0001	51.9	0.052
Age (> 61 yr)	2.072 (1.092-3.933)	Fixed	2.23	0.0261	0	0.576
APACHE II score	1.036 (1.002-1.071)	Fixed	2.06	0.0391	14.7	0.319
Sepsisa	2.114 (1.412-3.164)	Fixed	3.64	< 0.0011	45.3	0.139
Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	0.883 (0.820-0.952)	Fixed	3.26	0.0011	0	0.696
Albumin (hypoalbuminemia)b	2.795 (1.620-4.825)	Fixed	3.69	< 0.0011	0	0.565
Diabetes mellitus	1.229 (0.624-2.421)	Fixed	0.60	0.550	0	0.542
Concomitant diuretics	0.853 (0.252-2.890)	Random	0.26	0.799	77.2	0.004
Concomitant vancomycin	2.110 (1.190-3.730)	Fixed	2.55	0.0111	0	0.667
Concomitant vasopressor	1.496 (1.007-2.222)	Random	2.00	0.0461	72.0	0.013
Daily dose (mg/kg/d)	0.996 (0.991-1.000)	Fixed	1.77	0.077	0	0.523
Duration of therapy (d)	1.019 (0.979-1.061)	Fixed	0.92	0.359	34.5	0.191
Pooled OR, RR, HR based on multivariate analysis
Age (yr)	1.035 (1.021-1.050)	Fixed	4.95	< 0.0011	0	0.863
APACHE II score	1.031 (1.017-1.045)	Fixed	4.36	0.000	26.1	0.255
Concomitant vasopressor	3.099 (1.169-8.219)	Random	2.27	0.0231	80.4	0.002
Concomitant diuretics	2.979 (1.290-6.882)	Fixed	2.56	0.0111	2.6	0.358

¹Significant at P value < 0.05.

^aSepsis or septic shock were pooled.

^bHypoalbuminemia and serum albumin levels < 2 g/dL were pooled.

APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CI: Confidence interval; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; RR: Relative risk.