Dan Bai Xiao Formula combined with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide for pediatric lupus nephritis: A pilot prospective study

Table 4 Comparison of adverse events between the two groups

Item	Control group		TCM group		P value
	n = 38	Percent (%)	n = 40	Percent (%)
Gastroenteritis	24	63.1	12	30.0	0.006
Anemia	5	13.1	2	5.0	0.970
Hepatic function damage	16	42.1	9	22.5	0.030
Leukopenia	3	7.8	0	0	0.060
Upper respiratory infection	5	13.1	7	17.5	0.590
Phlebothrombosis	2	5.3	0	0	0.140
Urinary infection	1	2.6	0	0	0.300
Hypothyroidism	3	7.9	1	2.5	0.280
Hypertension	10	26.3	3	7.5	0.020

Gastroenteritis included diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea. Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase above the normal range were considered as hepatic function damage. White blood cell count of less than 4 × 10⁹/L was considered as leukopenia. Hypertension was defined as a systolic or diastolic blood pressure > 90^th percentile. Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used as appropriate. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.