Dan Bai Xiao Formula combined with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide for pediatric lupus nephritis: A pilot prospective study

Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of all patients

Characteristic	Control group (n = 38)	TCM group (n = 40)	P value
Age (yr)	11.07 ± 2.28	11.51 ± 2.77	0.338
Female sex, n (%)	25 (65.8)	28 (70)	0.690
Weight (kg)	39.18 ± 11.55	41.61 ± 15.55	0.582
Duration of SLE (years)	0.65 ± 1.37	0.78 ± 1.21	0.607
Duration of LN (years)	0.15 ± 0.41	0.17 ± 0.28	0.559
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	61.73 ± 46.68	51.46 ± 22.52	0.127
White blood cell count	5.03 ± 3.22	5.83 ± 3.20	0.201
NE (%)	53.85 ± 19.54	57.56 ± 15.33	0.489
HGB (g/L)	100.18 ± 16.93	105.85 ± 23.73	0.308
PT (s)	10.45 ± 0.93	11.23 ± 2.09	0.115
APTT (s)	35.48 ± 17.25	37.6 ± 16.17	0.577
D-D (mg/L)	1.08 ± 1.64	1.02 ± 1.32	0.161
Serum albumin (g/L)	29.23 ± 5.99	30.92 ± 4.61	0.167
Urine protein (g/24 h)	1.29 ± 1.81	1.32 ± 1.11	0.314
Urine RBC count/HPF	26.17 ± 37.92	25.65 ± 37.59	0.24
Serum C3 (g/L)	0.28 ± 0.18	0.39 ± 0.28	0.101
Serum C4 (g/L)	0.05 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0.05	0.782
BUN (IU/mL)	6.94 ± 3.89	5.72 ± 2.31	0.057
ALT (mmol/L)	33.20 ± 28.04	32.88 ± 36.34	0.730
AST (mmol/L)	40.00 ± 41.21	39.61 ± 43.37	0.957
SLEDAI	15.57 ± 5.01	14.07 ± 3.49	0.315
ds-DNA postive, n (%)	28 (73.6)	33 (82.5)	0.345

Results are given as the mean ± SD. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; RBC: Red blood cell; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; LN: Lupus nephritis; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.