Coxsackievirus A6 was the most common enterovirus serotype causing hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shiyan City, central China

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis on the effect of predominant enterovirus serotypes in 168 laboratory-confirmed hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Shiyan, central China, n (%)

	HFMD pathogens				Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
	CV-A6 (n = 121)	CV-A16 (n = 8)	CV-A10 (n = 5)	Other enteroviruses (n = 34)	P value	Coefficient (SD)	P value
Gender					1	-0.224 (0.451)	0.619
Male (n = 105)	76 (62.8)	5 (62.5)	4 (80.0)	20 (58.8)
Female (n = 63)	45 (37.2)	3 (37.5)	1 (20.0)	14 (41.2)
Age (yr)					0.794
≤ 1 (n = 91)	65 (53.7)	4 (50.0)	3 (60.0)	19 (55.9)
≤ 2 (n = 49)	37 (30.6)	2 (25.0)	2 (40.0)	8 (23.5)		0.131 (0.497)	0.792
≤ 3 (n = 18)	13 (10.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (14.7)		0.236 (0.717)	0.742
≤ 6 (n = 10)	6 (5.0)	2 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.9)		-0.371 (0.785)	0.637
Fever					0.013a	2.124 (0.747)	0.004b
Yes	116 (95.9)	5 (62.5)	5 (100.0)	29 (85.3)
No	5 (4.1)	3 (37.5)	0 (0.0)	5 (14.7)
Clinical manifestations
Skin or oral mucosal rashes	121 (100.0)	8 (100.0)	5 (100.0)	34 (100.0)
Respiratory system syndromes1	24 (19.8)	3 (37.5)	1 (20.0)	3 (8.8)	0.603	0.811 (0.589)	0.168
Myocardial damage	31 (25.6)	1 (12.5)	1 (20.0)	2 (5.9)	0.025a	1.040 (0.678)	0.125
Vomit	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	0.623	-15.923 (882.744)	0.986
Laboratory findings, n (%, mean ± SD)
WBC increased	69 (56.6, 14.07 ± 3.42)	4 (50.0, 19.82 ± 10.74)	5 (100.0, 20.68 ± 7.67)	15 (44.1, 13.88 ± 4.38)	0.042a	-0.058 (0.050)	0.247
CRP increased	79 (64.8, 24.64 ± 26.90)	5 (62.5, 25.28 ± 26.64)	5 (100.0, 47.68 ± 29.52)	15 (44.1, 25.97 ± 43.35)	0.431	-0.007 (0.006)	0.271
CK-MB increased	56 (45.9, 33.77 ± 13.78)	2 (25.0, 30.00 ± 4.24)	4 (80.0, 28.00 ± 6.48)	17 (50.0, 30.94 ± 7.04)	0.262	0.045 (0.027)	0.097
LDH increased	98 (80.3, 313.08 ± 59.37)	6 (75.0, 298.17 ± 38.97)	5 (100.0, 275.00 ± 24.81)	27 (79.4, 334.52 ± 59.64)	0.487	-0.009 (0.004)	0.043a
ALT increased	20 (16.4)	1 (12.5)	1 (20.0)	3 (8.8)	0.333	-0.575 (1.328)	0.665
AST increased	29 (23.8)	1 (12.5)	1 (20.0)	3 (8.8)	0.086	1.778 (1.196)	0.137
Radiographic evaluation
Abnormal chest X-ray2	48 (39.3)	4 (50.0)	1 (20.0)	8 (23.5)	0.267	0.275 (0.449)	0.540
Abnormal electrocardiogram3	24 (19.7)	1 (12.5)	1 (20.0)	5 (14.7)	0.389	0.236 (0.566)	0.677

¹Respiratory system syndromes were defined as the presence of at least one of the followings: Bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, or other upper respiratory tract diseases.

²Abnormal chest X-ray: unilateral or bilateral enhanced lung texture.

³abnormal electrocardiogram: sinus arrhythmia, or sinus tachycardia.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. HFMD: Hand, foot, and mouth disease; CV-A6: Coxsackievirus A6; CV-A16: Coxsackievirus A16; CV-A10: Coxsackievirus A10; SD: Standard deviation; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; CK-MB: Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.