Concise review on short bowel syndrome: Etiology, pathophysiology, and management

Table 1 Three phases for the process of intestinal adaptation

Phase	Time duration	Symptom
Phase 1	1-3 mo	Severe diarrhea, limited absorption. Complete nutrient and fluid support with parenteral nutrition is needed
Phase 2	Few months to 1 yr	Improvement of absorption. Start reducing PN
Phase 3	Second-year	Maximal adaptation. PN is eliminated or reduced to several nights per week

PN: Parenteral nutrition.