Intestinal microbiota in the treatment of metabolically associated fatty liver disease

Table 3 Clinical trials using farnesoid X receptor agonists and fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolically associated fatty liver disease/metabolically associated steatohepatitis

Ref.	Clinical Trials ID	Intervention	Agent	Intervention dose	Target population	Results
Craven et al[106], 2020	NCT00501592	FXR agonists	Obeticholic acid	INT-747: 25 mg/d for 1 mo; 50 mg/d for 1 mo	MAFLD, n = 64	Reduction in body weight, hepatic inflammation andfibrosis, improved insulin sensitivity
Neuschwander-Tetri et al[107], 2015	NCT01265498	FXR agonists	Obeticholic acid	Obeticholic acid: 25 mg/d for 72 wk	MASH, n = 283	Reduction in ALT, AST, and γ- Glutamyl transpeptidase, improved histological features of MASH
Bailey et al[108], 2014	NCT02496390	FMT	-	Fecal Microbial Transplantation: approx 100 mL previously frozen fecal sample obtained from a lean donor prior to colonic preparation	MAFLD, n = 21	-

MAFLD: Metabolically associated fatty liver disease; MASH: Metabolically associated steatohepatitis; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation.