Effectiveness of Maitland and Mulligan mobilization methods for adults with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Comparators	Sample size	Age (yr)	Interventional type	Interval	Treatment period	Outcomes
Sambandam et al[31], 2011	Mulligan	20	61.0 ± 5.81	Unspecific; CT: 10 min hot pack and quad isometrics, 10 rep; HE: 10 rep isometric quadriceps	Once per day	2 wk	1, 2, 3
	Maitland	20	60.0 ± 5.11
Kiran et al[14], 2018	Mulligan	31	47.5 ± 0.61	Depending on pain; CT: 10 min hot pack and quad isometrics	3 times per week	2 wk	1, 2, 3
	Maitland	31		Grade 1, 2 for pain; Grade 3 for ROM; CT: 10 min hot pack and quad isometrics
Jeyakumar et al[30], 2017	Mulligan	20	51.0 ± 1.51	Medial, lateral, and rotational Mulligan without a belt; one glide per sec for 30 sec; 3 sets per treatment session; CT: hot pack, quad isometrics and SLR	Once per day	3 wk	1, 2
	Maitland	20	50.0 ± 2.71	Medial, lateral, posterior glide; one glide per seconds for 30 seconds; 3 sets per treatment session; CT: hot pack, quad isometric and SLR
Multu et al[33], 2018	Mulligan	21	54.2 ± 7.31	A sustained manual glide of the tibia (medial, lateral, or rotation) during active; knee flexion and extension, 3 sets of 10 rep; EP: aerobic, active ROM, strength, stretching exercises	3 times per week	4 wk	1, 2, 3
	Maitland	21	56.3 ± 6.61	Knee distraction and dorsal glides, ventral glides and patellar glides in all direction; 2-3 oscillations per seconds for 1-2 min; 3-6 rep; EP: aerobic, active ROM, strength, stretching exercises
Lalnunpuii et al[35], 2016	Mulligan	15	49.5 ± 5.51	Medial, lateral, rotation and dorsal mobilization with active knee flexion; 3 sets of 10 rep; EP: isometric strengthening (quad, hamstring, VMO), Stretch (quad, hamstring), ROM	3 sessions per week	4 wk	2, 3
	Maitland	15	48.5 ± 6.91	Tibia-femoral anterior-posterior glide, Tibia-femoral posterior-anterior glide, Patella-femoral caudal-cephaloid glide, 2-3 oscillations per sec for 1-2 min. EP: isometric strengthening (quad, hamstring, VMO), Stretch (quad, hamstring), ROM
Giri [32], 2019	Mulligan	30	61-702	A sustained manual glide of the tibia (either medial, lateral, anterior, posterior or rotation) during active knee flexion and extension; 3 sets of 10 rep. Mulligan taping: tape with brown rigid tape	3 times per week	2 wk	1, 3
	Maitland	30		Tibia-femoral anterior and posterior glided. Kinesio taping: superior "Y" technique
Rao et al[34], 2017	Mulligan	30	51.2 ± 9.21	According to individual condition	-	-	1
	Maitland			AP, PA, medial, lateral, compression and distraction glides; rotation
Lalit et al[15], 2012	Mulligan	30	51.72	internal rotation the tibia, 3 reps for 3 sets; EP: multiple angle isometrics, terminal arc knee extension, mini-squats, partial lunges one-leg balances, cross-body leg swings, 10 rep per session, 3 sessions per day	3 sessions per day	5 d	1, 3
	Maitland	30	54.73	Anterior and posterior glide for tibial-femoral joint, superior-inferior and medio-lateral glides for patellar femoral joint, 10 rep per session, 3 sessions per day; EP: multiple angle isometrics, terminal arc knee extension, mini squats, partial lunges one-leg balances, cross-body leg swings (10 rep per session, 3 sessions per day)

¹mean ± SD.

²Range.

³mean. 1: Pain; 2: ROM: Range of motion; 3: WOMAC function score: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities function score. Rep: Repetition; CT: Conventional treatment; HE: Home exercise; SLR: Straight leg raise; EP: Exercise program; VMO: Vastus medialis oblique; AP: Anterior to posterior; PA: Posterior to anterior.