Clinical features and risk factors of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.840

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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World J Clin Cases. Jan 21, 2022; 10(3): 840-855
Published online Jan 21, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.840

Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Demographics and clinical characteristics	Total	Moderate	Severe	Critically ill	P value
Male	67/126 (53.2)	24/59 (40.7)	30/49 (61.2)	13/18 (72.2)	0.022
Age (yr)		54.76 ± 1.73	59.22 ± 2.10	65.44 ± 3.17	P (Critically ill vs moderate) = 0.019
Exposure history	28/67 (41.8)	10/19 (52.6)	13/36 (36.1)	5/12 (41.7)	0.498
Time from illness onset to hospital admission (d)		16.00 (11.00-18.00)	7.00 (3.75-11.25)	6.00 (4.00-7.00)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) = 0.000; P (Severe vs moderate) = 0.001
Time from illness onset to laboratory confirmation (d)		10.00 (5.00-13.00)	7.50 (3.75-18.00)	2.00 (0.0 -4.50)	0.176
Comorbidity
All	104/126 (82.5)	51/59 (86.4)	35/49 (71.4)	18/18 (100)	P (Critically ill vs severe) < 0.05
COPD/CB	6/126 (4.8)	1/59 (1.7)	3/49 (6.1)	2/18 (11.1)	0.152
Cerebrovascular disease	3/126 (2.4)	0/59 (0)	1/49 (2.0)	2/18 (11.1)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) < 0.05
Coronary heart disease	7/126 (5.6)	4/59 (6.8)	3/49 (6.1)	0/18 (0.0)	0.325
Chronic liver disease	6/126 (4.8)	0/59 (0.0)	5/49 (10.2)	1/18 (5.6)	P (Severe vs moderate) < 0.05
Hypertension	46/126 (36.5)	21/59 (35.6)	16/49 (32.7)	9/18 (50.0)	0.417
Diabetes	22/126 (17.5)	7/59 (11.9)	10/49 (20.4)	5/18 (27.8)	0.238
Hyperlipidemia	1/126 (0.8)	0/59 (0.0)	1/49 (2.0)	0/18 (0.0)	0.532
Cancer	11/126 (8.7)	2/59 (3.4)	4/49 (8.2)	5/18 (27.8)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) < 0.05
Drug history
Aspirin	2/67 (3.0)	0/19 (0.0)	1/36 (2.8)	1/12 (8.3)	0.406
Beta blockers	2/67 (3.0)	1/19 (5.3)	1/36 (2.8)	0/12 (0.0)	1.000
Insulin	2/67 (3.0)	1/19 (5.3)	0/36 (0)	1/12 (8.3)	0.210
Stains	2/67 (3.0)	0/19 (0.0)	2/36 (5.6)	0/12 (0.0)	0.691
ACEIs	6/126 (4.8)	4/59 (6/8)	2/49 (4.1)	0/18 (0.0)	0.623
ARB	16/126 (12.7)	7/59 (11.9)	9/49 (18.4)	0/18 (0.0)	0.045
Drug treatment before admission
All	108/126 (85.7)	55/59 (93.2)	40/49 (81.6)	13/18 (72.2)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) < 0.05
Antibiotics	33/67 (49.3)	7/19 (36.8)	19/36 (53.7)	7/12 (58.3)	0.418
Traditional Chinese medicine	83/126 (65.9)	49/59 (83.1)	28/49 (57.1)	6/18 (33.3)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) < 0.05; P (Severe vs moderate) < 0.05
Arbidol	70/126 (55.6)	43/59 (72.9)	20/49 (40.8)	7/18 (38.9)	P (Critically ill vs moderate) < 0.05; P (Severe vs moderate) < 0.05
Oseltamivir	28/67 (41.8)	10/19 (52.6)	16/36 (44.4)	2/12 (16/7)	0.126
Lopinavir/ritonavir	2/126 (1.6)	1/59 (1.7)	0/49 (0.0)	1/18 (5.6)	0.266
Fever	98/126 (77.8)	44/59 (46.8)	42/49 (85.7)	12/18 (66.7)	0.175
Maximum body temperature		38.90 (38.00-39.40)	38.70 (38.00-39.00)	39.00 (38.92-39.25)	0.440
Rigor	32/67 (47.8)	7/19 (36.8)	20/36 (55.6)	5/12 (42.7)	0.375
Fatigue	43/67 (64.2)	10/19 (52.6)	24/36 (66.7)	9/12 (75.0)	0.405
Sore throat	25/67 (37.3)	6/19 (31.6)	14/36 (38.9)	5/12 (41.7)	0.816
Running nose	1/67 (1.5)	0/19 (0.0)	1/36 (2.8)	0/12 (0.0)	1.000
Stuffy nose	6/67 (9.0)	1/19 (5.3)	5/36 (13.9)	0/12 (0.0)	0.169
Cough	98/126 (77.8)	46/59 (78.0)	40/49 (81.6)	12/18 (66.7)	0.426
Expectoration	39/67 (58.2)	11/19 (57.9)	22/36 (61.1)	6/12 (50.0)	0.795
White sputum	14/67 (20.9)	1/19 (5.3)	11/36 (30.6)	2/12 (16.7)	0.083
Yellow sputum	5/67 (7.5)	1/19 (5.3)	4/36 (11.1)	0/12 (0.0)	0.571
Blood-stained sputum	15/67 (22.4)	5/19 (26.3)	8/36 (22.2)	2/12 (16.7)	0.817
Shortness of breath	49/126 (38.9)	19/59 (32.2)	22/49 (44.9)	8/18 (44.4)	0.352
Exertional dyspnea	24/67 (35.8)	6/19 (31.6)	14/36 (38.9)	4/12 (33.3)	0.848
Headache	22/67 (32.8)	7/19 (36.8)	11/36 (30.6)	4/12 (33.3)	0.895
Myalgia	29/67 (43.3)	5/19 (26.3)	18/36 (50.0)	6/12 (50.0)	0.211
Abdominal pain	21/67 (31.3)	4/19 (21.1)	13/36 (36.1)	4/12 (33.3)	0.497
Diarrhea	40/126 (31.7)	16/59 (27.1)	20/49 (40.8)	4/18 (22.2)	0.202
Nausea	29/67 (43.3)	7/19 (36.8)	17/36 (47.2)	5/12 (41.7)	0.755
Anorexia	32/67 (47.8)	6/19 (31.6)	20/36 (55.6)	6/12 (50.0)	0.235
Vomiting	22/67 (32.8)	4/19 (21.1)	13/36 (36.1)	5/12 (41.7)	0.392
Conjunctivitis	0/67 (0.0)	0/19 (0.0)	0/36 (0.0)	0/12 (0.0)	-

Data are presented as n/n (%) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

Citation: Chu X, Zhang GF, Zheng YK, Zhong YG, Wen L, Zeng P, Fu CY, Tong XL, Long YF, Li J, Liu YL, Chang ZG, Xi H. Clinical features and risk factors of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(3): 840-855
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i3/840.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.840