Laparoscopic correction of hydronephrosis caused by left paraduodenal hernia in a child with cryptorchism: A case report

Figure 2 Intraoperative image. The patient was lying on the right side while we performed the surgery. The observation hole was near the umbilicus. Intra-operatively, it was observed that small-bowel loops were lying within a hernial sac. The upper end of the ureter was located in the retroperitoneum, behind the hernia sac. The sac was opened with an ultrasonic shear, and the bowel was freed up. The hernia sac compressed the upper ureter of the left ureter and induced hydronephrosis. A: Small intestine; B: Hernia sac; C: Lateral peritoneum.