Local inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux: Association of gene expression of inflammatory cytokines with esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH data

Table 1 The results of multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH records in the studied groups

	Control, n = 10	EE, n = 20	NERD, n = 40	P value1
Total number of GERs, n, mean ± SD	25.1 ± 13.7	75.7 ± 27.5	59.1 ± 30.6	0.01
Acid GERs, n, mean ± SD	19.8 ± 11.4	40.3 ± 26.4	19.8 ± 9.7	0.004
Weak-acid GERs, n, mean ± SD	3.4 ± 2.5	25.4 ± 22.9	27.0 ± 25.1	0.97
Non-acid GERs, n, mean ± SD	1.9 ± 1.7	0.9 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 6.3	0.73
High GERs, %, mean ± SD	8.9 ± 8.0	46.5 ± 21.7	38.0 ± 21.4	0.28
AET, %, mean ± SD	2.3 ± 1.6	12.1 ± 3.7	9.1 ± 4.8	0.001
Mean pH, mean ± SD	6.3 ± 0.5	5.4 ± 0.4	5.8 ± 1.0	0.075

¹Comparison between erosive esophagitis and non-erosive form of gastroesophageal reflux disease groups.

EE: Erosive esophagitis; NERD: Non-erosive form of gastroesophageal reflux disease; SD: Standard deviation; AET: Acid exposure time at 5 cm above upper border of lower esophageal sphincter (mean values of рН < 4 per 24 h); GER: Gastroesophageal reflux; high GER: Proportion of gastroesophageal refluxes that reach the upper part of the esophagus (17 cm above upper border of lower esophageal sphincter).