Correlation analysis of national elite Chinese male table tennis players’ shoulder proprioception and muscle strength

Table 2 Calculation and significance of proprioceptive evaluation indicators of the shoulder joint

Test	Evaluation index and its calculation methods	Meaning of the indicator
Joint position reproduction test of the shoulder joint	AE = (|Original error 1| + |Original error 2| + … + |Original error n|)/n	No positive or negative direction is considered. Only calculate the absolute error between the end position and the start position.
	CE = [(Original error 1) + (Original error 2) + … + (Original error n)]/n	Taking the positives and negatives in direction into account to evaluate overall the error in the given direction of movement, reflecting whether the movement pattern overall exceeds or fails to reach the target.
	VE =√{[(Original error 1-CE)2 + (Original error 2-CE)2 + … + (Original error n-CE)2]/n}	Reflects the variability and consistency between the results of several position reproduction, regardless of the accuracy of the JPR.

AE: Absolute error; CE: Constant error; VE: Variable error; JPR: Joint Position Reproduction test.