Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis, treatment and prognosis based on the SEER database: A literature review

Table 4 Application of surgical treatment of GB-NEC

Tumor stage	Treatment
T1aN0M0	Cholecystectomy
T1bNOMO	Cholecystectomy + gallbladder bed cautery/wedge resection1
T2-T3NOMO	Cholecystectomy + wedge resection/cholecystectomy + resection of liver segments (IVb + V/> 3 segments)/hepatectomy + pancreaticoduodenectomy
T1-T3N1MO	Cholecystectomy + resection of liver segments + lymph node resection (D1/D22)/hepatectomy+pancreaticoduodenectomy + lymph node resection (D1/D2)
IVA and IVB (advanced stage)	Systemic comprehensive therapy

¹Wedge resection: Wedge resection of the liver parenchyma of the gallbladder fossa. The specific amount of liver parenchyma to be removed has not yet been determined. In our center, liver parenchyma of 2 cm at the margin of gallbladder fossa is generally removed.

²D1 and D2: D1: Dissection of lymph nodes around the hepatic ligament; D2: Extended dissection of lymph nodes beyond the hepatic ligament.

GB-NEC: Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma.