Role of H2 receptor blocker famotidine over the clinical recovery of COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Patient demographics, characteristics, and treatment outcomes among the study groups

Variables		Group A (famotidine)	Group B (control)	t-test (95%CI)
Patient demographics and characteristics during hospitalization	Sex	n = 104, male: 78, female: 26	n = 104, male: 77, female: 27
	Age (yr)	57.06 ± 14.97 (23-83)	57.24 ± 13.87 (18-85)	P = 0.92
	Body weight (Kg)	65.9 ± 9.0 (55-93)	66.5 ± 7.7 (53-90)	P = 0.61
	BMI	24.3 ± 5.8 (19.7-35.4)	22.7 ± 5.0 (20.4-34.5)	P = 0.58
	Comorbidity	61 (58.7%)	46 (44.2%)
	Oxygen saturation (%)	85.23 ± 6.961; 73-98	87.77 ± 8.971; 34-99	P = 0.0243a
	PaO2 (mm of Hg)	47.9 ± 6.8; 27-85	52.0 ± 9.8; 28-84	P = 0.005b
	P:F ratio (on admission)	62.9 ± 28.1; 38-210	71.3 ± 35.8; 23-192	P = 0.015a
	Oxygen requirement	19.44 ± 16.56; 4-60 L/min	18.38 ± 10.51; 2-40 L/min	P = 0.643
	CT chest (%)	39.87 ± 14.3; 15-70	27.08 ± 16.7; 15-65	P ≤ 0.0001d
	Respiratory rate	29.07 ± 10; 12-55/min	30.37 ± 6.865; 18-45/min	P = 0.299
	Temperature	100.7 ± 1.865; 98-104 °F	101.4 ± 1.453; 98-104 °F	P = 0.398
	Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.2 ± 0.61; 0.5-3.3	1.26 ± 0.62; 0.6-3.5	P = 0.24
	Serum Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.62 ± 1.0; 0.2-5.0	1.59 ± 1.1; 0.4-5.8	P = 0.80
	Platelet count (103/mL)	206.3 ± 995.2; 85000-400000	221 ± 82.6; 78000-395000	P = 0.24
	MAP (in mm of Hg)	87.0 ± 12.27; 54-116	87.2 ± 11.5; 54-116	P = 0.91
	GCS score	12.1 ± 1.7; 7-15	12.6 ± 1.9; 7-15	P = 0.06
	NEWS-2 score (on admission)	8.3 ± 1.8; 3-12	8.7 ± 2.0; 5-13	P = 0.11
	SOFA day-1 score	6 ± 1.68; 3-11	5.3 ± 1.44; 3-9	P = 0.004b
Characteristics of study group patients during discharge (recovered cases)	NEWS-2 score (on discharge; Recovered cases)	0.89 ± 0.8; 0-2	1.2 ± 0.8; 0-2	P = 0.0221a
	Oxygen saturation (%) (on discharge; Recovered cases)	95.9 ± 2.07; 90-100	96.3 ± 1.5; 93-99	P = 0.080
	Oxygen requirement (on discharge; Recovered cases)	1.36 ± 2.2; 0-10 L/min	1.5 ± 2.4; 0-12 L/min	P = 0.279
	CT chest (%) (on discharge; Recovered cases)	18.0 ± 7.5; 5-35	13.86 ± 9.9; 0-35	P = 0.004b
	Respiratory rate (on discharge; recovered cases)	19.4 ± 4.7; 12-34/min	19.1 ± 2.2; 15-26/min	P = 0.638
	Temperature (on discharge; Recovered cases)	99.9 ± 1.6; 98-104 °F	100.3 ± 1.7; 97.5-103.6 °F	P = 0.252
Treatment outcomes among the study groups	Recovered	n = 78 (75%), male: 58 (74.4%), female 20 (25.6%)	n = 73 (70%), male: 59 (81%), female: 14 (19%)
	Dead	n = 26 (25%), male: 20 (76.9%), female: 6 (23.1%)	n = 31 (30%), male: 18 (58.1%), female: 13 (41.9%)
	Time to clinical improvement	9.53 ± 5.0; 3-27 d	14.21 ± 5.6; 6-28 d	P ≤ 0.0001d
	CT difference (%) (on admission and before discharge)	21.7 ± 9.5; 8-40	13.2 ± 8.9; 0%-40%	P ≤ 0.0001d
	Time to symptomatic recovery	17.9 ± 5.4; 8-37 d	19.3 ± 6.3; 10-35 d	P = 0.14
	duration of ICU stay	9.28 ± 4.96; 1-27 d	10.23 ± 7.13; 2-42 d	P = 0.26
	Total duration of hospitalization	11.73 ± 6.0; 1-30 d	14.13 ± 7.6; 3-42 d	P = 0.013a
	Duration of hospitalization (recovered patients)	13.04 ± 5.5; 4-30 d	16.31 ± 6.1; 7-30 d	P = 0.0009c
	Duration of ICU stay (recovered patients)	9.7 ± 4.6; 1-26 d	10.6 ± 6.3; 2-26 d	P = 0.33
	Time to clinical failure/death	6.9 ± 6.1; 1-27 d	10.4 ± 12.2; 3-42 d	P = 0.1986
	Time to viral clearance (negative PCR)	20.7 ± 5.9; 13-39 d	23.8 ± 6.4; 13-42 d	P = 0.002b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

^dP ≤ 0.0001.

BMI: Body mass index; CT: Computed tomography; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; NEWS-2: National early warning score-2; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; ICU: Intensive care unit; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.