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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 16, 2022; 10(23): 8076-8087
Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8076
Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8076
Gut microbiome | Lung microbiome |
Changes in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota have been found: (1) Decrease in the relative abundance of beneficial microbes (such as Agathobacter, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia and Ruminococcaceae UCG−013); and (2) Oredominance of opportunistic genera (such as Actinomyces, Rothia, Streptococcus) and Veillonella[24] | Changes in the diversity of the lung microbiota have been found: (1) Prevalence of Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Chryseobacterium, Sphingobium species and Enterobacteriaceae members; and (2) Among mycetes, prevalence of Cryptococcus, followed by Aspergillus, Alternaria, Dipodascus, Mortierella, Naganishia, Diutina, Candida, Cladosporium, Issatchenkia, and Wallemia[29] |
COVID-19 severity: (1) Was positively associated to the relative abundance of Coprobacillus, Clostridium ramosum, and Clostridium hathewayi; and (2) Was inversely associated to the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (which favors an anti-inflammatory microenvironment)[25] | The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients characterized by relative abundance of: (1) Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Lactobacillus salivarius; (2) Some pathogens such as Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae (positively correlated with COVID-19 severity), and Bacillus cereus; (3) Some nosocomial infection pathogens such as Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter cloacae, and Ralstonia pickettii; and (4) Several gut bacteria like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Enterococcus faecium, and Citrobacter freundii, and commensal bacteria residing in the mouth and respiratory tracts such as Rothia mucilaginosa[30] |
Viral load in feces of COVID-19 patients inversely correlated to the relative abundance of Bacteroides dorei, B. massiliensis, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron (that downregulate the ACE-2 expression in mouse intestine)[25] | Bacterial and fungal DNA burden in BAL specimens of patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS significantly higher than in negative experimental controls, with relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus spp[31] |
SARS-CoV-2 infectivity: (1) Was positively related to relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens, C. tanakaei, Morganella morganii, and Streptococcus infantis; and (2) Was inversely related to prevalence of Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides stercoris, Lachnospiraceae bacterium and Parabacteroides merdae[26] | |
Increased abundance of opportunistic fungi (including Candida albicans, C. auris, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger) in feces of COVID-19 patients was found when compared to controls[27] | |
In patients with MIS-C a predominance of Eubacterium dolichum, Eggerthella lenta, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Prevotella tannerae, and Bacteroides coprophilus and a decrease of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were reported. In COVID-19 group an increase of Bifidobacterium adolescents and Dorea formicigenerasus was found[28] |
- Citation: Valentino MS, Esposito C, Colosimo S, Caprio AM, Puzone S, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Miraglia del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(23): 8076-8087
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i23/8076.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8076