Predictors of long-term anxiety and depression in discharged COVID-19 patients: A follow-up study

Table 2 Comparison of anxiety and depression scores by different variables

	HADS-A score (mean ± SD)	P value	HADS-D score (mean ± SD)	P value
Sex
Female	10.65 ± 5.16	0.0	8.65 ± 4.14	0.76
Male	7.40 ± 4.01		8.44 ± 4.67
Age (yr)
≤ 50	7.50 ± 4.73	0.000	7.12 ± 4.66	0.0
> 50	10.23 ± 4.73		9.58 ± 3.90
Marital status
Married	8.73 ± 4.93	0.003 (between married and widowed)	8.59 ± 4.34	> 0.05
Single	8.38 ± 4.48		6.61 ± 4.42
Divorced	10.57 ± 6.57		9.42 ± 6.60
Widowed	12.2 ± 2.98		9.40 ± 3.54
Having children
No	8.64 ± 4.22	0.69	6.94 ± 4.13	0.11
Yes	9.13 ± 4.98		8.72 ± 4.40
Employment
Employed	7.11 ± 4.57	0.000 (between employed and housewife)	7.76 ± 4.80	> 0.05
Unemployed	5.50 ± 3.51		8.50 ± 8.34
Retired	9.00 ± 3.96		9.15 ± 3.81
Housewife	10.80 ± 5.19		9.05 ± 4.13
Other	8.80 ± 3.49		4.80 ± 2.28
Financial status
Low income	9.86 ± 4.25	> 0.05	9.16 ± 3.60	0.009 between low income and high income; 0.03 between middle income and high income
Middle income	8.79 ± 5.26		8.59 ± 4.78
High income	7.17 ± 5.36		5.70 ± 4.66
Household
Family	8.68 ± 4.87	> 0.05	8.31 ± 4.52	> 0.05
Roommate	10.00 ± 5.29		8.66 ± 1.52
Partner	11.08 ± 4.07		9.73 ± 3.10
Alone	9.77 ± 6.55		9.11 ± 5.77
Smoking
No	9.33 ± 5.08	0.14	8.58 ± 4.38	0.81
Yes	7.86 ± 3.73		8.37 ± 4.53
Chronic medical disease
No	9.01 ± 4.48	0.84	8.59 ± 4.25	0.90
Yes	9.16 ± 5.32		8.51 ± 4.55
Lifetime psychiatric disorder
No	8.28 ± 4.90	0.00	8.29 ± 4.51	0.20
Yes	11.28 ± 4.24		9.26 ± 4.02
Family member death caused by COVID-19
No	8.71 ± 4.80	0.13	8.38 ± 4.27	0.43
Yes	9.96 ± 5.07		8.96 ± 4.69
Vaccination
No	6.00 ± 5.2	0.003	4.36 ± 4.07	0.00
Yes	9.47 ± 4.73		9.07 ± 4.16
Reinfection
No	8.82 ± 4.83	0.14	8.44 ± 4.31	0.49
Yes	10.21 ± 5.12		9.03 ± 4.80
Symptoms
No	8.00 ± 5.26	0.002	7.98 ± 4.85	0.082
Yes	10.25 ± 4.21		9.15 ± 3.78
> tiredness
No	8.30 ± 5.27	0.10	8.06 ± 4.77	0.01
Yes	10.26 ± 4.06		9.19 ± 3.59
> palpitation
No	8.71 ± 5.01	0.03	8.29 ± 4.44	0.09
Yes	10.83 ± 4.00		9.76 ± 3.99
> dyspnea
No	8.68 ± 4.99	0.18	8.49 ± 4.50	0.70
Yes	11.00 ± 3.99		8.83 ± 3.92
> sleep disorders
No	9.02 ± 4.90	0.33	8.53 ± 4.41	0.81
Yes	11.20 ± 4.96		9.00 ± 4.18
> easy fatigue
No	9.07 ± 4.90	0.81	8.64 ± 4.40	0.10
Yes	9.60 ± 5.54		5.40 ± 2.70

Adjusted P < 0.025. HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety score; HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression score.