Correlation between the warning symptoms and prognosis of cardiac arrest

Table 2 Resuscitation parameters and prognosis in patients with and without symptoms

	OHCA			IHCA
	No symptoms (n = 144)	Symptoms (n = 239)	P value	No symptoms (n = 204)	Symptoms (n = 434)	P value
Age, (mean ± SD)	60.8 ± 18.8	63.4 ± 17.7	0.174	62.5 ± 16.3	66.2 ± 15.2	0.005a
Male, n (%)	106 (73.6)	175 (73.2)	0.933	132 (64.7)	285 (65.7)	0.812
Call before arrest, n (%)	0 (0.0)	195 (81.6)	< 0.001a	—	—	—
Witness of cardiac arrest, n (%)			< 0.001a			0.299
None	14 (9.7)	22 (9.2)	0.867	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Family member	128 (88.9)	186 (77.8)	0.006a	10 (4.9)	14 (3.2)
Health care provider	2 (1.4)	31 (13.0)	< 0.001a	194 (95.1)	420 (96.8)
Bystander CPR, n (%)	7 (4.9)	37 (15.5)	0.002a	194 (95.1)	420 (96.8)	0.299
No flow time, n (%)			0.002a			0.189
1 to 4 min	4 (2.8)	28 (11.7)	0.002a	204 (100.0)	427 (98.4)
5 to 10 min	4 (2.8)	16 (6.7)	0.095	0 (0.0)	3 (0.7)
> 10 min	136 (94.4)	195 (81.6)	< 0.001a	0 (0.0)	4 (0.9)
Initial shockable rhythm, n (%)	7 (4.9)	19 (7.9)	0.244	19 (9.3)	63 (14.5)	0.067
Cardiac etiology, n (%)	77 (53.5)	140 (58.6)	0.329	45 (22.1)	124 (28.6)	0.082
ROSC, n (%)	19 (13.2)	57 (23.8)	0.011a	42 (20.6)	139 (32.0)	0.003a
Survival to discharge, n (%)	49 (2.8)	16 (6.7)	0.095	5 (2.5)	46 (10.6)	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.05.

OHCA: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; IHCA: In-hospital cardiac arrest; CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC: Restoration of spontaneous circulation.