Risk factors for delayed intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A retrospective study

Table 5 Summary of the previous studies of delayed intracranial hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Ref.	Year	DICH	Non-DICH	Number of variables	Proposed risk factors
Hudson et al[18]	2018	8	72	10	DAPT (P = 0.0001, OR = 31.23, 95%CI: 2.98-327.32)
Guo et al[15]	2017	20	512	8	Advanced age (P = 0.027, OR = 1.048, 95%CI: 1.005-1.092), craniotomy history (P = 0.025, OR = 3.874, 95%CI: 1.183-12.693), brain edema around the catheter (P < 0.001, OR = 9.056, 95%CI: 3.194-25.675)
Gong et al[16]	2017	12	742	9	Age ≥ 60 yr (P = 0.0008), prior craniotomy operation (P = 0.0001) and manipulation of the valve system (P = 0.0017)
Qian et al[14]	2017	11	140	18	Postoperative LMWH therapy (P = 0.026, relative ratio = 4.8, 95%CI: 1.4-17.1)
Jang et al[17]	2018	34	104	9	Old age (P = 0.037) and delayed PTT (P = 0.032)
Li et al[6]	2021	29	101	21	Elevated NLRR (P < 0.001, OR = 2.792, 95%CI: 1.747-4.460); history of craniotomy (P = 0.010, OR = 3.394, 95%CI: 1.060-10.869)

DAPT: Dual antiplatelet therapy; NLRR: A ratio of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMWH: Low-molecular-weight heparin; OR: Odds ratio; PTT: Partial thromboplastin time; DICH: Delayed intracranial hemorrhage.