Effects of Kampo medicine hangebyakujutsutemmato on persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: A retrospective pilot study

Figure 3 Comparison of rate of improvement and Niigata persistent postural-perceptual dizziness questionnaire scores between groups. A: Comparisons between groups revealed significant differences in the rate of Niigata persistent postural-perceptual dizziness questionnaire (NPQ) improvement (1 mo, P = 0.16; 2 mo, P = 0.009); B-E: There were significant differences in NPQ total scores, upright posture/walking scores, and movement scores at 2 mo between groups; B: Total score: Baseline, P > 0.99; 1 mo, P = 0.89; 2 mo, P = 0.02; C: Upright posture/walking: Baseline, P > 0.99; 1 mo, P = 0.21; 2 mo, P = 0.005; D: Movement: Baseline, P > 0.99; 1 mo, P = 0.87; 2 mo, P = 0.03; E: Visual stimulation: Baseline, P = 0.11; 1 mo, P > 0.99; 2 mo, P = 0.06. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. Data represent mean and standard error (vertical bars). NPQ: Niigata PPPD questionnaire; HBT: Hangebyakujutsutemmato; PPPD: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness; NS: Not significant.