Dural puncture epidural technique provides better anesthesia quality in repeat cesarean delivery than epidural technique: Randomized controlled study

Table 2 Details of anesthesia, adverse effects, and neonatal outcomes

	EA (n = 57)	DPE (n = 58)	Z/t/χ2	95%CI of difference	P value
The onset time to T6 level (min)	16.6 (15.8-17.4)	14.7 (13.9-15.4)	4.039	-5.0, 0.0	0.0012
Maximum sensory level (T)	5 (4-6)	5 (4-5)	1.120	0.0, 1.0	0.2632
Modified bromage score to 3, n (%)	21 (36.8)	45 (77.6)	19.516	2.6, 13.5	< 0.001
Cranial sensory block to T6, n (%)	30 (52.6)	54 (93.1)	23.915	3.8, 38.0	< 0.001
Vasopressor administration, n (%)	6 (10.5)	9 (15.5)	0.631	0.5, 4.7	0.4273
Intraoperative IV analgesic supplementation, n (%)	16 (28.1)	7 (12.1)	4.600	0.1, 0.9	0.0323
Local anesthetic volume (ml)	20.0 (17.5-20.0)	20.0 (15.0-20.0)	0.429	0.0, 0.0	0.6682
Fluid administration (ml)	800.0 (750.0-800.0)	800.0 (700.0-800.0)	0.806	0.0, 0.0	0.4242
Estimated blood loss (ml)	400.0 (400.0-400.0)	400.0 (300.0-400.0)	1.548	0.0, 0.0	0.1222
Duration of surgery (min)	37.4 ± 8.3	36.3 ± 6.3	0.746	-3.7, 1.7	0.4571
Urine output (ml)	100.0 (100.0-150.0)	100.0 (100.0-150.0)	0.248	0.0, 0.0	0.8042
Adverse effects, n (%)
Hypotension	5 (8.8)	2 (3.5)	1.425	0.1, 2.0	0.4223
Respiratory depression	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	0.0, 0.0	1.0003
Postdural headache	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	0.0, 0.0	1.0003
Nausea and vomiting	7 (12.3)	5 (8.6)	0.412	0.2, 2.3	0.5213
Chest distress	5 (8.8)	7 (12.1)	0.334	0.4, 4.8	0.5633
Dizzy	6 (10.5)	4 (6.9)	0.477	0.2, 2.4	0.7193
Nasal obstruction	5 (8.8)	6 (10.3)	0.082	0.3, 4.2	0.7743
Chills	19 (33.3)	14 (24.1)	1.188	0.3, 1.4	0.2763
Neonatal outcomes
Apgar score < 8 at 1 min, n (%)	3 (5.3)	2 (3.4)	0.000	0.1, 4.0	0.9843
Apgar score < 8 at 5 min, n (%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	0.0, 0.0	1.000

¹Student’s t test.

²Mann-Whitney U test.

³Chi-square test.

Values are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range). P < 0.05 is present to be significant. CI: Confidence interval; DPE: Dural puncture epidural; EA: Epidural anesthesia.