Semaglutide might be a key for breaking the vicious cycle of metabolically associated fatty liver disease spectrum?

Table 1 Completed studies with subcutaneous semaglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their main conclusions

Study	Ref.	Main conclusion
SUSTAIN 1	Sorli et al[38], 2017	Semaglutide significantly improved HbA1c and bodyweight in T2DM patients compared to placebo
SUSTAIN 2	Ahren et al[39], 2017	Semaglutide is superior to sitagliptin at improving glycemia and bodyweight when added to metformin+/-pioglitazon
SUSTAIN 3	Ahmann et al[40], 2018	Semaglutide is superior to exenatide ER in glycemic control and body weight reduction
SUSTAIN 4	Aroda et al[41], 2017	semaglutide is superior to insulin glargine U100 in glycemic control and bodyweight reduction
SUSTAIN 5	Rodbar et al[42], 2018	Semaglutide, added to basal insulin, significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight in patients with uncontrolled T2D vs placebo
SUSTAIN 61	Marso et al[43], 2016	In T2DM patients at high cardiovascular risk, semaglutide was significantly better compared to placebo in reduction of 3 point MACE
SUSTAIN 7	Pratley et al[44], 2018	At low and high doses, semaglutide was superior to dulaglutide in improving glycaemic control and reducing body weight of T2DM patients
SUSTAIN 8	Lingway et al[45], 2019	Once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg was superior to daily canagliflozin 300 mg in reducing HbA1c and bodyweight in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin therapy
SUSTAIN 8 substudy	McCrimmon et al[46], 2019	In individuals with uncontrolled T2DM on stable-dose metformin, the changes in body composition with semaglutide and canagliflozin were not significantly different
SUSTAIN 9	Zinman et al[47], 2019	Adding semaglutide to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy significantly improves glycaemic control and reduces bodyweight in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM
SUSTAIN 10	Capehorn et al[48], 2020	Semaglutide was superior to liraglutide in reducing HbA1c and body weight
SUSTAIN (Japan)	Kaku et al[49], 2018	Semaglutide treatment significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight vs additional OAD treatment in Japanese people with T2D
SUSTAIN Forte	Frias et al[50], 2021	Semaglutide 2.0 mg was superior to 1.0 mg in reducing HbA1c, with additional body weight loss and a similar safety profile in poorly controlled T2DM
SUSTAIN China MRCT	Ji et al[51], 2020	Once-weekly semaglutide was superior to sitagliptin in improving glycaemic control and reducing body weight in Chinese T2DM patients inadequately controlled on metformin

¹Cardiovascular safety study. CV: Cardiovascular; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c.