Massive gastrointestinal bleeding after endoscopic rubber band ligation of internal hemorrhoids: A case report

Table 1 Documents of massive life-threatening post-rubber band ligation/endoscopic rubber band ligation bleeding¹

Ref.	Number/total	Risk factor
Bat et al[23], 1993	6/512	5 of 6 had history of oral ASA intake
Marshman et al[27], 1989	2/241	Oral anti-coagulants
Lau et al[28], 1982	2/212	Not documented
Odelowo et al[6], 2002	1/none2	Oral ASA
Beattie et al[24], 2004	2/none	Oral clopidogrel
Patel et al[25], 2014	2/none	Oral ASA
Soetikno et al[26], 2016	3/none	Oral ASA/warfarin

¹Massive bleeding means over 800 mL bleeding or symptomatic anemia that requires transfusion.

²None means case reports.

ASA: Aminosalicylic acid.