Pregnancy-related psychopathology: A comparison between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19–related social restriction periods

Table 2 Scores on psychometric instruments used in pre-COVID-19 (n = 21) and COVID-19 (n = 22) samples

Measure [median (95%CI) for all measures]	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19 period	Mann-Whitney’s U	P value
EPDS total score	6 (4.92 to 9.94)	7.5 (5.64 to 9.64)	213	0.6672
EPDS-3A (anxiety cluster, items 3, 4, and 5)	2 (1.52 to 3.24)	3 (2.64 to 4.36)	150.5	0.05238
EPDS-suicide item 10	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	231	0.99202
STAI-Y1 state	39 (39.19 to 51.10)	32 (30.83 to 38.90)	117.5	0.00596a
STAI-Y2 trait	33 (31.70 to 39.45)	31 (29.49 to 36.42)	193.5	0.36812
SCL-SOM (somatization)	0.583 (0.47 to 1.00)	0.25 (0.27 to 0.66)	793.5	0.54186
SCL-O-C (obsessive-compulsive)	0.4 (0.39 to 0.92)	0.1 (0.15 to 0.52)	631	0.20408
SCL-I-S (interpersonal sensitivity)	0.222 (0.148 to 0.66)	0.0555 (0.08 to 0.44)	533	0.4654
SCL-DEP (depression)	0.462 (0.45 to 1.12)	0.1155 (0.17 to 0.54)	674.5	0.17068
SCL-ANX (anxiety)	0.6 (0.50 to 1.26)	0.1 (0.13 to 0.42)	526.5	0.09692
SCL-HOS (hostility)	0.167 (0.22 to 0.64)	0.167 (0.06 to 0.19)	512	0.18024
SCL-PHOB (phobic anxiety)	0 (0.05 to 0.43)	0 (0.02 to 0.25)	394	0.86502
SCL-PAR (paranoid ideation)	0.167 (0.15 to 0.74)	0 (0.12 to 0.43)	438	0.70394
SCL-PSY (psychoticism)	0 (0.06 to 0.48)	0 (0.05 to 0.18)	432	0.63836
SCL-SLEEP (sleep disorder)	0.333 (0.33 to 1.26)	0.333 (0.30 to 0.9148)	474.5	0.96012
SCL-GSI (Global Symptom Index)	0.311 (0.34 to 0.81)	0.1665 (0.16 to 0.42)	838	0.56868

^aP < 0.0125.

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; SCL: Derogatis’ Symptom Check-list-90 item questionnaire; SD: Standard deviation; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.