Pregnancy-related psychopathology: A comparison between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19–related social restriction periods

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of nonCOVID-19 (n = 21) and COVID-19 (n = 22) samples

Parameter	Pre-COVID-19		COVID-19 period	Statistic	P value
Age, yr (mean ± SD)	35.714 ± 5.763		34.591 ± 8.342	t = -0.511	0.612
Gestational age, wk	19.476 ± 4.792		17.636 ± 6.616	t = 1.040	0.304
Country of origin
Italy	17		18	χ2 = 0.1018	0.750
Romania	1		0
Ukraine	1		1
Belgium	1		0
Brazil	1		1
Ecuador	0		1
Gabon	0		1
Educational level
Primary school	0		0	χ2 = 0.0879	0.957
Middle school	4		5
High school	9		9
College/University/Postgraduate	8		8
Partners
Yes	20		20	χ2 = 0.0017	0.967
No	1		2
Past pregnancies
No	9		9	χ2 = 0.0323	0.857
Yes	12		13
Past abortions
No	14		13	χ2 = 0.0393	0.843
Yes	7		9
Past abortion types
None	14		13	χ2 = 0.414	0.813
Spontaneous	4		6
Induced	1		0
Both	2		3
Medical conditions
Yes	4		7	χ2 = 0.3718	0.542
No	17		15
Psychiatric disorders (lifetime)
Yes	10 (5 major depressive, 3 anxiety, 1 bipolar, 1 schizotypal personality)		6 (3 major depressive, 3 anxiety)	χ2 = 1.1324	0.287
No	11		16
Psychotherapy
Yes	6		1	χ2 = 2.9585	0.085
No	15		21
Psychopharmacological treatment
Yes	3		1	χ2 = 0.3295	0.566
No	18		21
Family psychiatric history
Yes	6		8	χ2 = 0.0482	0.826
No	15		14
Current psychiatric disorder
Yes	6		8	χ2 = 0.0482	0.826
No	15		14
Stressful life events
Yes	7		13	χ2 = 1.9234	0.165
No	14		9
Significant pregnancy complications
Yes	4 (3 emesis gravidarum, 1 pre-eclampsia)		3 (emesis gravidarum)	χ2 = 0.2308	0.631
No	17		19
Support
Yes	20		21	χ2 = 0.477	0.490
No	1		1
Type of support
None	1		1	χ2 = 9.7181	0.021121
Partner	13		4
Relatives and friends	4		6
Multiple	3		11

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SD: Standard deviation; t: t value of student’s t-test; χ² = chi-squared test.