Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in comparison to infliximab for Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 GRADE evidence profile

Quality assessment-No. of studies	Quality assessment-study design	Quality assessment-risk of bias	Quality assessment-inconsistency	Quality assessment-indirectness	Quality assessment-imprecision	Quality assessment-Publication bias	Summary of findings-number of patient, with IFX	Summary of findings-number of patient, with ADA	Summary of findings-effect, relative (95%CI)	Summary of findings-effect, absolute (95%CI)	Summary of findings-effect, Quality
Induction of response
5	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	403/525	417/515	OR: 1.27 (0.93-1.74)	768 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Induction of remission
4	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	368/494	244/318	OR: 1.11 (0.78-1.57)	745 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Maintenance of response
7	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	611/896	639/932	OR: 1.02 (0.83-1.25)	682 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Maintenance of remission
6	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	255/442	219/328	OR: 1.26 (0.87-1.82)	577 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Secondary loss of response
6	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	191/704	172/603	OR: 1.01 (0.65-1.55)	271 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Overall adverse events
8	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	364/900	205/753	OR: 0.62 (0.42-0.91)	404 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Severe adverse events
7	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	139/859	80/688	OR: 0.75 (0.32-1.72)	162 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯
Opportunistic infection
6	Observational study	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not found	144/988	85/922	OR: 0.96 (0.66-1.40)	146 per 1000	⨁⨁◯◯

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence: High quality (⨁⨁⨁⨁): Further research is unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect; Moderate quality (⨁⨁⨁◯): Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate; Low quality (⨁⨁◯◯): Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate; Very low quality (⨁◯◯◯): We are very uncertain about the estimate. ADA: Adalimumab; IFX: Infliximab; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.