Higher volume growth rate is associated with development of worrisome features in patients with branch duct-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

Table 1 Baseline and demographic characteristics of patients and cysts

Characteristics		n = 98
Males (%)		33 (33.7)
Females (%)		65 (66.3)
Median age at diagnosis (IQR)		69 (63-75)
Familial history (%)		9 (9.2)
History of diabetes (%)		16 (16.3)
Diabetes onset during follow-up (%)		0 (0.0)
Median follow-up [mo (IQR)]		40.5 (24-72)
Former smokers (%)		14 (14.3)
Active smokers (%)		8 (8.1)
Never smoked (%)		76 (77.6)
Multifocal		57 (58.2)
Largest cyst localization	Head (%)	44 (44.9)
	Isthmus/body (%)	40 (40.8)
	Tail (%)	14 (14.3)
Median cyst size	a [mm (IQR)]	9 (6-15)
	b [mm (IQR)]	10 (6.75-16)
	c [mm (IQR)]	10 (6-16)
	Volume [cm3 (IQR)]	0.54 (0.17-1.65)
EUS		19 (19.4)
Median time to EUS (IQR)		6 (0-31.5)
FNA (%)		9 (47.4)
Cyst fluid amylases [IU/L (IQR)], n = 5		289 (69.25-1725.25)
Cyst fluid CEA [IU/L (IQR)], n = 6		166 (8.55-24062.75)
Serum CA19.9 [IU/L (IQR)], n = 25		25.2 (6.1-58.7)
Serum CEA [IU/L (IQR)], n = 22		2.15 (1.27-2.92)

CA19.9: Carbohydrate antigen 19.9; CEA: Carcinoembriogenic antigen; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FNA: Fine needle aspiration; IQR: Interquartile range; IU: International units; a: Sagittal (antero-posterior); b: Transversal (latero-lateral); c: Coronal (cranio-caudal).