Gut peptide changes in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing biliary drainage: A prospective case control study

Table 2 Etiology of biliary obstruction and various humoral parameters, median (25%-75%)

Parameter	Benign etiology (n = 34)	Malignant etiology (n = 21)	P value1	Controls (n = 40)	P value2
CRP (mg/L)	13.1 (6.6-19.6)	6.3 (2.9-11.3)	0.001	2.3 (0.9-3.4)	< 0.001
ES (mm/h)	25 (13.0-31.5)	25 (12.0-41.0)	NS	6.5 (4-13.2)	< 0.001
Leukocytes (× 109)	6.7 (4.9-8.9)	6.7 (3.9-7.0)	NS	5.9 (5.5-7.2)	NS
Hemoglobin (g/L)	141 (123.8-147.0)	125 (113.5-134.5)	0.002	140 (135.0-156.5)	< 0.001
Thrombocytes (× 109)	220 (197.2-248.3)	178 (113.5-289.5)	NS	241 (188.5-289)	0.042
Bilirubin (mmol/L)	85.3 (51.9-183.3)	270 (145-359.8)	< 0.001	12.1 (10.7-14.0)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	123 (84.0-212.3)	155.0 (78.0-186.0)	NS	19.0 (18.0-23.8)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	337.5 (84.8-547.5)	232 (114-355.5)	NS	16.0 (14.0-21.8)	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	448 (333.8-602.8)	396.0 (243.5-892.5)	NS	18.0 (16.0-25.8)	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	287.5 (261.8-418.5)	281.0 (243.5-434.0)	NS	83.5 (63.5-94.3)	< 0.001
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.8 (5.2-6.7)	6.7 (6.3-7.6)	0.006	5.3 (4.8-5.6)	< 0.001
Creatinine (mmol/L)	89.0 (82.0-110.5)	105.0 (80.5-123.5)	NS	84.5 (76.0-104.0)	0.032
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.3 (2.2-2.5)	2.4 (2.3-2.4)	NS	2.4 (2.3-2.4)	NS
LDH (U/L)	187.5 (152.8-213.5)	196.0 (175.0-232.5)	NS	158.0 (147.3-188.0)	0.004
Cholesterol (U/L)	5.2 (4.9-6.8)	5.4 (4.7-8.4)	NS	6.0 (5.5-6.6)	0.033
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.9 (1.1-2.3)	2.4 (1.9-3.1)	0.005	1.3 (1.1-1.6)	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L)	37.8 (32.9-41.0)	36.0 (33.1-39.3)	NS	43.0 (42.0-44.1)	< 0.001
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	1449.5 (1124.5-2398.8)	1646.0 (1010.0-4179.0)	NS	533.5 (368.5-931.5)	< 0.001
CCK (pg/mL)	291.7 (160.9-411.7)	191.0 (142.6-218.5)	NS	153.1 (72.3-262.4)	< 0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	7.0 (5.0-18.3)	9.0 (80-11.0)	NS	2.5 (2.0-4.0)	< 0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	11.0 (8.0-12.0)	12.0 (10.5-14.5)	NS	6.0 (5.0-7.0)	< 0.001

¹Mann-Whitney U test (comparison between benign and malignant groups).

²Kruskal-Wallis test (comparison between all three groups).

Values are presented as median (Q1-Q3). AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CRP: C-reactive protein; CCK: Cholecystokinin; ES: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; NS: Not significant; IL-6: Interleukin 6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α.