Gut peptide changes in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing biliary drainage: A prospective case control study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the participants

		Benign etiology (n = 34)	Malignant etiology (n = 21)	Control (n = 40)	P value
Gender	Female	12 (35%)	9 (43%)	13 (32%)
	Male	22 (65%)	12 (57%)	27 (68%)
Age (yr)	Median (Q1-Q3)	55.0 (43.0-67.0)	66.0 (60.5-83.0)	55.0 (43.0-67.0)
	Min-max	33-84	55-88	39-90
Biliary obstruction etiology	Biliary stones	28 (82%)
	Chronic pancreatitis	5 (15%)
	Stenosing papillitis	1 (3%)
	Tumor of pancreatic head		15 (72%)
	Malignant lymphadenopathy		4 (19%)
	Cholangiocarcinoma		2 (9%)
Duration of biliary obstruction (d)		10.0 (5.0-20.2)	14.0 (10.0-21.0)	NA	0.0451
Body weight (kg)		80.5 (73.5-92.0)	61.0 (46.0-75.8)	72.5 (63.0-75.4)	0.041
BMI (kg/m2)		26.9 (23.7-28.7)	21.8 (17.0-24.0)	25.8 (22.9-27.9)	0.0011
Weight loss (%)		3.8 (0.0-7.6)	12.0 (8.1-18.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0022
Body fat (%)		24.0 (22.0-25.3)	19.0 (13.0-24.0)	29.5 (27.0-32.0)	< 0.0012
NRS 2002		2.5 (0.0-3.3)	4.0 (3.5-5.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	< 0.0012
NRS 2002	< 3	17 (50%)	2 (9.5%)	38 (95%)	< 0.0012
	≥ 3	17 (50%)	19 (90.5%)	2 (5%)
Appetite (VAS)		4.0 (2.8-6.3)	3.0 (2.0-6.0)	4.0 (2.0-5.0)	0.6412
Pain (VAS)		0.0 (0.0-1.3)	1.0 (0.0-2.5)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0012
Helicobacter pylori infection		12 (35.2%)	8 (38.1%)	3 (7.5%)	0.0052
Smoking		15 (44.1%)	0 (0%)	7 (17.5%)	< 0.0012

¹Mann-Whitney U test (comparison between benign and malignant groups).

²Kruskal-Wallis test (comparison between all three groups).

Values are presented as median (Q1-Q3) for continuous and as n (%) for categorical variables. BMI: Body mass index; NRS: Nutritional risk screening; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; NA: Not available.