Ethical review of off-label drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 2 Published randomized controlled trials related to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use for coronavirus disease 2019

DOI		Number of subjects	Patients’ age (mean ± SD)	Basic diseases (%)	Treatment plan
10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03	Experimental group	15	50.5 ± 3.8	40.00%	Routine treatment + oral HCQ sulfate days 1-5, 400 mg QD
	Control group	15	46.7 ± 3.6	33.30%	Routine treatment
10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758	Experimental group	31	45.2 ± 14.7	NA	Standard treatment + oral HCQ sulfate days 1-5, 200 mg bid
	Control group	31	44.1 ± 16.1	NA	Standard treatment
10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558	Experimental group	75	48.0 ± 14.1	37.30%	Standard care + oral HCQ sulfate days 1-3, 1200 mg QD; Day 4 – 800 mg QD
	Control group	75	44.1 ± 15.0	22.70%	Standard care
10.1101/2020.04.10.20060699	Experimental group	84	59 ± 48-67	NA	Standard care + oral HCQ sulfate day 1 - 600 mg QD
	Control group	97	63 ± 53-68	NA	Standard care

Routine treatment includes bed rest, oxygen inhalation, symptomatic support treatment, the use of antiviral drugs recommended in the "diagnosis and treatment plan", if necessary, antibiotics, etc. Standard treatments include oxygen therapy, antiviral drugs, antibiotics and immunoglobulins, with or without corticosteroids. The minimum requirements for standard care include intravenous infusion, oxygen supply, regular laboratory tests and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 tests, hemodynamic monitoring and intensive care, and the provision of symptomatic drugs. HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; NA: Not available.