Effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy for patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction: A Japanese population-based cohort study

Table 2 Factors affecting for overall survival

Factor	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Crude HR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95%CI)	P value
BSC	1		1
Chemotherapy after the intervention	0.38 (0.31-0.48)	< 0.001	0.36 (0.28-0.46)	< 0.001
Age
Young (age < 75 yr)	1		1
Elder (age ≥ 75 yr)	1.39 (1.10-1.75)	0.005	1.17 (0.92-1.49)	0.208
Sex
Male	1		1
Female	1.05 (0.84-1.30)	0.673	1.03 (0.83-1.29)	0.782
Charlson co-morbidity index
< 3	1		1
≥ 3	1.59 (1.27-2.00)	< 0.001	1.56 (1.24-1.97)	< 0.001
Barthel index
≥ 60	1		1
< 60	2.16 (1.64-2.84)	< 0.001	2.04 (1.53-2.73)	< 0.001
Medication
Aspirin non-use	1		1
Aspirin use	1.01 (0.62-1.64)	0.980	0.81 (0.49-1.33)	0.399
Thienopyridine non-use	1		1
Thienopyridine use	1.32 (0.70-2.47)	0.391	1.07 (0.56-2.03)	0.843
Warfarin non-use	1		1
Warfarin use	0.93 (0.42-2.09)	0.863	0.90 (0.40-2.02)	0.791
DOACs non-use	1		1
DOACs use	1.31 (0.87-1.95)	0.193	1.27 (0.85-1.91)	0.250
Other antiplatelet drugs non-use	1		1
Other antiplatelet drugs use	1.06 (0.60-1.89)	0.837	1.04 (0.58-1.86)	0.904
NSAIDs non-use	1		1
NSAIDs use	0.99 (0.80-1.23)	0.948	1.05 (0.83-1.33)	0.674
Steroid non-use	1		1
Steroid use	1.26 (1.02-1.57)	0.035	1.15 (0.92-1.45)	0.210
Cancer type
Esophageal cancer	1		1
Gastric cancer	0.68 (0.47-0.99)	0.045	0.64 (0.43-0.96)	0.030
Pancreatic cancer	1.00 (0.67-1.48)	0.991	0.92 (0.61-1.39)	0.697
Colorectal cancer	0.40 (0.27-0.59)	< 0.001	0.47 (0.30-0.73)	< 0.001
Other cancers	0.77 (0.53-1.13)	0.186	0.78 (0.51-1.18)	0.242
Cancer stage
Stage I-III	1		1
Stage IV or recurrence	1.96 (1.43-2.70)	< 0.001	1.79 (1.28-2.50)	< 0.001
Obstruction site
Esophageal obstruction	1		1
Gastroduodenal obstruction	0.84 (0.61-1.15)	0.274	1.03 (0.58-1.82)	0.918
Lower gastrointestinal obstruction	0.48 (0.35-0.66)	< 0.001	0.78 (0.42-1.44)	0.426
Non-chemotherapy before the intervention	1		1
Chemotherapy before the intervention	2.08 (1.68-2.57)	< 0.001	1.66 (1.31-2.09)	< 0.001
Intervention type
Palliative surgery	1		1
SEMS placement	2.03 (1.63-2.51)	< 0.001	1.63 (1.27-2.09)	< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; DOACs: Direct oral anticoagulants; HR: Hazard ratio; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent.