Protective effects of female reproductive factors on gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

Table 2 Multivariate analysis for mortality risk in gastric cancer patients with signet ring cells

Variable	HR (95%CI)1	P value
Sex disparity
Male	Ref
Menstrual female	0.58 (0.42–0.82)	< 0.01
Menopausal female	0.91 (0.72–1.14)	0.42
BMI (kg/m2)
> 24	Ref
≤ 24	1.24 (1.02–1.51)	0.03
Signet-ring cell proportion (%)
≤ 10	Ref
> 10, ≤ 50	0.97 (0.72–1.32)	0.86
> 50, ≤ 90	0.79 (0.53–1.17)	0.25
> 90	1.03 (0.63–1.70)	0.90
T stage
T1	Ref
T2	1.58 (0.87–2.88)	0.13
T3	4.20 (2.57–6.84)	< 0.01
T4	5.96 (3.67–9.69)	< 0.01
N stage
N0	Ref
N1	1.30 (0.87–1.93)	0.195
N2	1.92 (1.34–2.75)	< 0.01
N3	3.29 (2.38–4.55)	< 0.01
Adjuvant chemotherapy
No	Ref
Yes	0.75 (0.62–0.91)	< 0.01
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
No	Ref
Yes	2.34 (1.79–3.04)	< 0.01
Nerve invasion
No	Ref
Yes	1.50 (0.93–2.43)	0.10
Unknown	1.47 (0.88–2.46)	0.14
Lymphovascular invasion
No	Ref
Yes	1.39 (1.02–1.90)	0.04
Unknown	1.26 (0.89–1.80)	0.19

¹The Cox model included gender, BMI, signet-ring cell proportion, T stage, N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, nerve invasion, and lymphovascular invasion.

P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. BMI: Body mass index.