Extensive myocardial calcification in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report

Table 1 Literature review of the patients in medical history, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnostic methods and outcomes

Ref.	Publication year	Country	Age/sex	Clinical presentation	Comorbid conditions	ECMO settings/duration (d)	Renal replacement duration (d)	Calcification detection time (d)	Diagnostic testing	Clinical courseand outcome
Stallion et al[3]	1994	United States	2 wk/F	Severe myocarditis	None	V-A /7	Notreported	NA	Chest X-rayTTE	Patient died due to severe myocardial damage
Stallion et al[3]	1994	United States	1 wk/F	Severe myocarditis	None	V-A /3.5	Notreported	NA	Chest X-rayTTE	Patient died due to severe myocardial damage
Stallion et al[4]	2018	United States	29 yr/F	Postpartum toxic shock syndrome	Notreported	V-A/21	Need, durationnot reported	Several weeks	Chest CT	Discharged to extended acute-care facility on ventilator support
Kapandji et al[5]	2018	France	66 yr/M	Pneumonia leading to severe ARDS	None	V-V/24	34	32	TTEChest CTCardiac MRI	Patient recovered; TTE 18 mo after ICU discharge with LVEF of 55% and moderate diastolic dysfunction.
Kapandji et al[5]	2018	France	18 yr/M	Cardiogenicshock after cardiac arrest	None	V-A/22	21	16	Chest CT	Patient died due to septic shock
Kapandji et al[5]	2018	France	26 yr/F	Pneumonia leading to severe ARDS	None	V-V/94	40	24	CT chest	Patient died due to restrictive cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular failure
Kimura et al[6]	2018	Japan	15 yr/M	Severe myocarditis	None	V-A/Notreported	Need, duration not reported	30	Chest CT	Patient was discharged; 2 mo after hearttransplantation
The present report	2020	China	17 yr/M	Severe myocarditis	None	V-A/3	28	10	Chest CT Cardiac MRI	Patient recovered; TTE 2 yr after ICU discharge with LVEF of 60% and mild diastolic dysfunction.

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; NA: Not available; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ICU: Intensive care unit; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.