Perioperative respiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and physical activity of patients receiving lung surgery: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Year	Country	Sample size	Surgery type	Intervention	Control	Initial training pressure (%)	Training time (min/d)	Sessions (n/wk)	Duration (wk)
Weiner et al[22]	1997	Israel	IMT: 17, Con: 15	NR	Preoperative and postoperative IMT, incentive spirometry	Usual care	15	60	6	14
Brocki et al[23]	2016	Denmark	IMT: 34, Con: 34	VATS: 35, thoracotomy: 33	Preoperative IMT 30% MIP, postoperative: 15% MIP, breathing exercises, early mobilization	Breathing exercises, early mobilization	30	15	7	2
Brocki et al[24]	2018	Denmark	IMT: 34, Con: 34	VATS: 35, thoracotomy: 33	Preoperative IMT 30% MIP, postoperative: 15% MIP, breathing exercises, early mobilization	Breathing exercises, early mobilization	30	15	7	2
Taşkin et al[25]	2018	Turkey	RMT: 20, Con: 20	Thoracotomy	Postoperative RMT, chest physiotherapy, early mobilization	Chest physiotherapy, early mobilization	15	Six sessions consisting of 3 sets of 10 breaths	5	NR
Messaggi-Sartor et al[26]	2019	Spain	RMT: 16, Con: 21	VATS: 3, thoracotomy: 34	Postoperative RMT, aerobic exercise	Usual care	30	60	3	8
Kendall et al[27]	2020	Portugal	IMT: 13, EMT: 13, IMT + EMT: 18, Con: 19	Thoracotomy	Postoperative IMT or EMT or IMT + EMT, usual care	Usual care	25	15	7	8
Laurent et al[28]	2020	France	RMT: 14, Con: 12	VATS or thoracotomy	Preoperative RMT, usual chest physical therapy	Usual chest physical therapy	30	30	4	3

IMT: Inspiratory muscle training; EMT: Expiratory muscle training; Con: Control; RMT: Respiratory muscle training; VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery; NR: Not reported; MIP: Maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP: Maximal expiratory pressure.