Anorectal dysfunction in patients with mid-low rectal cancer after surgery: A pilot study with three-dimensional high-resolution manometry

Figure 2 Two-dimensional map of three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry in resting state in a patient with low rectal cancer after surgery (Dixon procedure). The red area indicates involvement by spastic peristaltic neorectal contractions from the proximal to the distal end of the segment. Abscissa axis is the time intervals of 10 s between two white vertical dotted lines, and vertical axis indicates the position of electrode. The high pressure (a peristaltic contraction) initiated from the proximal segment of the new rectum at first 10 s time window (PR), which was detected by the electrode close to the balloon; about 10 s later, this spastic peristaltic contraction appeared in the distal rectum (DR) and then in the anal sphincter (SP), which were detected by the solid-state electrodes. DR: Distal rectum; SP: Sphincter; PR: Proximal rectum.