Anorectal dysfunction in patients with mid-low rectal cancer after surgery: A pilot study with three-dimensional high-resolution manometry

Figure 1 Three-dimensional profile map of three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry in resting state before and after surgery (Dixon procedure) in a 55-year-old male patient with low rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. A: Normal anal resting pressure was measured in this patient before surgery, and the tension of the puborectalis muscle is one important partial of the anal resting pressure; the length of the high pressure zone of the anal sphincter was normal in this case before surgery, which is marked with a brace ( [ ); B: After surgery, the patient’s anal resting pressure and length of the high pressure zone of the anal sphincter decreased significantly ( [ ). The blue area indicated with a white arrow is the defect area in the anal sphincter high-pressure zone; the high pressure zone (AN) was the manifestation of relative narrower anastomosis, which did not impact fecal passage.