Dose-response relationship between risk factors and incidence of COVID-19 in 325 hospitalized patients: A multicenter retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of the patient cohort

Characteristic	All patients (n = 325)	Survivornon-survivor (n = 308); (n = 17)		P value
Age				< 0.0011
Median (IQR)-yr	45.0 (34.0-61.0)	43.0 (33.0-61.0)	63.0 (57.0-76.0)
Distribution-no./total no. (%)
20-49 yr	178	178 (57.8)	0 (0.0)
50-64 yr	91	80 (25.9)	11 (64.7)
≥ 65 yr	56	50 (16.2)	6 (35.3)
Male sex - no./total no. (%)	137 (42.2)	124 (40.3)	13 (76.5)	0.0031
Smoking history - no./total no. (%)	21 (6.5)	18 (5.8)	3 (17.7)	0.054
Exposure to source of transmission within past 14 days - no./total no.				0.0351
Yes	233 (71.7)	222 (4.9)	11 (66.8)
No	92 (28.3)	86 (0.3)	6 (28.0)
Median incubation period (IQR) - days	5.0 ± 4.0	5.0 ± 3.9	5.2 ± 3.5	0.862
Fever on admission
Patients - no./total no. (%)	252 (77.5)	240 (77.9)	12 (70.6)	0.550
Median temperature (IQR) - °C
Distribution of temperature - no./total no. (%)				0.603
< 37.3 °C	77 (23.7)	72 (22.2)	5 (1.5)
37.3-38.0 °C	106 (32.6)	103 (31.7)	3 (0.9)
38.1-39.0 °C	124 (38.2)	116 (35.7)	8 (2.5)
> 39.0°C	18 (5.5)	17 (5.2)	1 (0.3)
Symptoms - no. (%)
Conjunctival congestion	1 (0.31)	1 (0.31)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Headache	52 (16)	51 (16.6)	1 (5.9)	0.243
Cough	207 (63.7)	199 (64.6)	8 (47.1)	0.143
Sputum production	81 (24.9)	76 (24.6)	5 (29.4)	0.660
Fatigue	156 (48)	145 (47.1)	11 (64.7)	0.157
Difficulty breathing	15 (4.6)	13 (4.2)	2 (11.8)	0.149
Shortness of breath	73 (22.5)	68 (22.1)	5 (29.4)	0.0121
Nausea or vomiting	25 (7.7)	21 (6.8)	4 (23.5)	0.0121
Diarrhea	28 (8.6)	27 (8.8)	1 (5.9)	0.680
Myalgia or arthralgia	92 (28.3)	88 (28.5)	4 (23.5)	0.630
Chills	55 (16.9)	54 (17.5)	1 (5.88)	0.212
Coexisting disorder - no. (%)
Fatty liver	15 (4.6)	15 (4.9)	0 (0)	1.000
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	17 (5.2)	16 (5.2)	1 (5.9)	0.608
Diabetes	34 (10.5)	27 (8.77)	7 (41.2)	< 0.0011
Hypertension	69 (21.2)	58 (18.8)	11 (64.7)	< 0.0011
Coronary heart disease	9 (2.8)	6 (1.9)	3 (17.7)	< 0.0011
Cerebrovascular disease	18 (5.5)	14 (4.6)	4 (23.5)	0.0101
Hyperlipidemia	17 (5.2)	16 (5.2)	1 (5.8)	0.901
Hepatitis B infection	6 (1.9)	5 (1.6)	1 (5.9)	0.205

¹Quantitative data were presented as mean ± SD (minimum-maximum), while the counting data were presented as count (percentage of the total).

IQR: Inter quartile range.