Outcomes and complications of open, laparoscopic, and hybrid giant ventral hernia repair

Table 2 Operative data (mean ± SD)

	Open procedure (n = 82)	Laparoscopic procedure (n = 73)	Hybrid procedure (n = 153)	P value
Recurrence	7 (8.5)	15 (20.5)	2 (1.3)	< 0.001
Re-operated patients	10 (12.2)	18 (24.7)	6 (3.9)	< 0.001
Surgery duration (min)	76.7 ± 23.7	63.6 ± 12.1	113.6 ± 21.8	< 0.001
Estimated blood loss (mL)	28.4 ± 9.6	6.2 ± 3.5	20.9 ± 10.9	< 0.001
Length of hospitalization (d)	13.0 ± 8.7	6.9 ± 16.0	8.9 ± 9.4	0.002
Hospitalization cost, RMB1	33278 ± 18387	45892 ± 29887	43041 ± 17210	< 0.001
Intraoperative intestinal injury	5 (6.1)	3 (4.1)	23 (1.5)	0.015
Postoperative intestinal fistula	2 (2.4)	5 (6.8)	5 (3.3)	0.312
Postoperative intestinal fistula/intraoperative intestinal injury	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.046
Seroma	5 (6.1)	24 (32.8)	4 (2.6)	< 0.001
Surgical site infection	6 (7.3)	1 (1.4)	8 (5.2)	0.220
Chronic pain	6 (7.3)	1 (1.4)	3 (2.0)	0.051
Perioperative mortality	3 (3.7)	2 (2.7)	3 (2.0)	0.735
Postoperative complications	14 (17.1)	44 (60.3)	11 (7.2)	< 0.001
1 complication	5 (6.1)	40 (54.8)	2 (1.3)
2 complications	4 (4.9)	4 (5.5)	5 (3.3)
3 complications	4 (4.9)	0 (0.0)	3 (2.0)
4 complications	1 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.7)

¹One United States dollar is approximately 6.24 RMB. Data are reported as mean ± SD, or n (%).