Hepatitis B virus reactivation in rheumatoid arthritis

Table 2 Characteristics of different phases of hepatitis B virus infection

				HBsAg	Anti-HBs	HBeAg	Anti-HBe	Anti-HBc	HBV DNA	ALT
HBV seronegative				-	+/-	-	-	-	-	Normal
HBV infection	Phase 1	Chronic HBV infection		+	-	+	-	+	> 20000 IU/mL	Normal
	Phase 2	CHB	HBeAg(+)	+	-	+	-	+	> 20000 IU/mL	> 2 ULN
	Phase 4	CHB	HBeAg(-)	+	-	-	+	+	> 2000 IU/mL	> 2 ULN
	Phase 3	Inactive HBsAg carrier		+	-	-	+/-	+	< 2000 IU/mL	Normal
	Phase 5	Resolved infection		-	+/-	-	+	+	-	Normal

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBs: Antibody to hepatitis B surface antibody; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; anti-HBe: Antibody to hepatitis B envelope antigen; anti-HBc: Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ULN: Upper limit of normal.