Precision medicine allergy immunoassay methods for assessing immunoglobulin E sensitization to aeroallergen molecules

Table 7 Cross-reactive allergen components of pollen origin¹ used in singleplex and multiplex immunoassays[9,74]

Allergen molecule	Biological function, comments, CR
Polcalcins
rPhl p 7	Calcium-binding protein, polcalcin biomarker
	Minor allergen CR with other polcalcins contained in pollen grains:
	grasses: Pooideae and non-Pooideae, e.g., Bermuda grass (Cyn d 7)
	trees: e.g., birch (Bet v 3), alder (Aln g 4), olive (Ole e 3), juniper (Jun o 4)
	weeds: e.g., mugwort (Art v 5), short ragweed (Amb a 10)
rBet v 4	Polcalcin, which contains only two calcium-binding domains
	(vs Bet v 3, which contains three calcium-binding domains)
	Polcalcin biomarker
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins
nArt v 3	PR-14 protein, CR with peach Pru p 3 from, hazelnut Cor a 8
	Involved in mugwort-peach association, Asteraceae-hazelnut association
nOle e 7	PR-14 protein, CR with peach Pru p 3, pear Pyr c 3, melon Cuc m LTP, kiwifruit Act d 10,
	Involved in olive pollen-fruit syndrome
rPla a 3	PR-14 protein, CR with hazelnut Cor a 8, banana Mus a 3, celery Api g 2
	Involved in Platanus pollen-fruit/vegetables association
Profilins
rPhl p 12	Plant panallergen actin-binding protein (cytoskeleton dynamics)
	Profilin biomarker with great sequence identity with other profilins
	CR with profilins from:
	grass pollen: Pooideae and non-Pooideae, e.g., Bermuda grass (Cyn d 12)
	tree pollen: i.e., birch (Bet v 2), olive (Ole e 2), date palm (Pho d 2)
	weed pollen: i.e., ragweed (Amb a 8) and mugwort (Art v 4); sunflower (Hel a 2)
	CR with profilins in latex (Hev b 8) and exotic fruits, involved in pollen-latex-fruit syndrome:
	profilins from ananas (Ana c 1), banana (Mus xp 1), kiwi (Act d 9) and olive pollen (Ole e 2)
	CR with profilins from various plant foods:
	profilin Art v 4 CR with Dau c 4, Api g 4, involvement in celery-mugwort-spice syndrome
	profilin Amb a 8 CR with Cuc m 2, Mus xp 1, involved in ragweed-melon-banana association
rBet v 2	Cross-reactive biomarker, important for the profilin group
	CR profilins in Apiaceae (Dau c 4, Api g 4)
	Involvement in birch-Apiaceae vegetables association

¹n: Native purified;

r: Recombinant; Fruit hazelnut Corylus avellana (Cor a), Prunus persica (Pru p), Pyrus communis (Pyr c), Cucumis melo (Cuc m), Actinidia deliciosa (Act d), Musa acuminata (Mus a), Ananas comosus (Ana c) allergen molecules; Latex Hevea brasiliensis (Hev b) allergen molecule; Pollen Betula verrucosa (Bet v), Alnus glutinosa (Aln g), Olea europaea (Ole e), Platanus acerifolia (Pla a), Juniperus oxycedrus (Jun o), Phoenix dactylifera (Pho d), Phleum pratense (Phl p), Cynodon dactylon (Cyn d), Artemisia vulgaris (Art v), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Amb a), Helianthus annuus (Hel a) allergen molecules; Vegetables Apium graveolans (Api g), Daucus carota (Dau c) allergen molecules; CR: Cross-reactivity; PR: Pathogenesis-related plant proteins.