New prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated inner ear disease

Table 3 Biological therapy agents

Drug	Anti	Dosage	Licensed indications	EMA approval	FDA approval
Etanercept	TNF-α	25 mg × 2/wk or 50 mg/wk sc	RA, JRA, PsA, AS, Ps	2000	1998
Infliximab	TNF-α	3 mg/kg at 0, 2 and 6 wk followed by 3.5-7.5 mg/8 wk iv	RA, PsA, AS, Ps, UC, CD	1999	1998
Adalimumab	TNF-α	40 mg/1-2 wk sc	RA, JRA, PsA, AS, Ps, CD	2003	2002
Anakinra	IL-1	100 mg/d sc	NHL, CLL, RA	2002	2001
Rituximab	B-cell CD20R	1 g/wk × 2 iv	RA	1998	1997

Dosage and indications approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; JRA: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; PsA: Psoriatic arthritis; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; Ps: Psoriasis; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn´s disease; NHL: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.