Variations in quantifying patient reported outcome measures to estimate treatment effect

Table 2 Characteristics of patient-reported outcomes measures and their quantification metric cut-off values, n (%)

Patient population	PROM	Value range	MCID	PASS
Hip
Arthroscopy patients[48,49]	mHHS	0-100	MDC 12	74
Measure of function in patients with hip disability[48,50-52]	HOS	0-100	MCID 9	87
Hip/groin disability[53-56]	HOOS	0-100	MDC 10	NR
Physically active patients with long standing hip/groin pain[57]	HAGOS	0-100	SDC 19	NR
Young (18-60 yr) active patients with hip disorders[58]	iHOT-12	0-100	NR	NR
Young (18-60 yr) active patients with hip disorders[59]	iHOT-33	0-100	MCID 6.1	NR
Young active nonarthritic patients with hip ailments[60]	NAHS	0-100	MDC 10	NR
Knee
Patients with knee pain[61,62]	IKDC-SKF	0-100	MCID 6.3 (6 months); MCID 16.7 (12 months)	75.9
Patients with knee injury or osteoarthritis[63]	KOOS	0-100	SDC 16.6	88.9
Patients with knee injury/pain[64]	Lysholm	0-100	MDC 8.9	NR
Patients with knee pain due to any condition[62,65]	Cincinnati	0-100	MCID 14 (6 months); MCID 26 (12 months)	NR
Patients with knee pain due to any condition[66]	WOMAC	0-100	MCID 11.5	NR
Patients with osteoarthritis knee[64]	Tegner activity	0-10	MDC 1	NR
Shoulder
Patients with shoulder instability[67]	WOSI	0-2100	MCID 220 (10.4)	NR
Patients with rotator cuff problems[68]	WORC	0-2100	MCID 245.25 (11.7)	NR
Patients with shoulder osteoarthritis[69]	WOOS	0-1900	NR	NR
Patients with shoulder pain due to instability, rotator cuff disease or arthritis[70]	ASES	0-100	MCID 6.4 MDC 9.7	NR
Patients with shoulder conditions including fracture, arthroplasty, cuff repair, adhesive capsulitis[71]	Constant	0-100	MCID 10.4	44
Patients with shoulder dysfunction[72]	SST	0-100	SDC 2.8	NR
Patients with upper limb disorders[73,74]	DASH	100-0	MCID 10.2; MDC 6.6-12.2	43
Patients with shoulder pathology from musculoskeletal, neurogenic, or other origin[75]	SPADI	0-100	MCID 8-13.2; MDC 18	41
Wrist and elbow
Patients with wrist conditions, ulnar impaction, tendonitis, arthritis, or nerve compression syndrome from forearm to hand[76]	DASH	100-0	MCID: 10-13.5; MDC: 9.3	NR
Patients with wrist conditions, ulnar impaction, tendonitis, arthritis, or nerve compression syndrome from forearm to hand[76]	PRWE	100-0	MCID: 14-17; MDC: 7.7	NR
Ankle
Patients with chronic ankle instability[76]	FAAM	0-84	MCID 8	NR
Patients with hallux valgus[77]	MOXFQ	100-0	MCID 12	NR

ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score; DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand; FAAM: Functional Ankle Ability Measure; HAGOS: The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score; HOOS: Hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score; HOS: Hip outcome score; iHOT-12: International Hip Outcome Tool-12; iHOT-33: International Hip Outcome Tool-33; IKDC-SKF: International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form; KOOS: Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score; MCID: Minimal clinically important difference; MDC: Minimal detectable change; mHHS: Modified Harris Hip score; MIC: Minimal important change; MOXFQ: Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire; NAHS: Nonarthritic hip score; NR: Not yet reported in the literature; PASS: Patient acceptable symptom state; PRWE: Patient-rated wrist evaluation; SDC: Smallest detectable change; SPADI: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; SSS: Sport-specific subscore; SST: Simple shoulder test; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; WOOS: Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index; WORC: Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; WOSI: Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index.