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World J Methodol. Jun 20, 2025; 15(2): 101430
Published online Jun 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i2.101430
Table 1 Potential roles of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in alleviating or preventing allergic diseases[99]
Probiotics and FMT
Potential roles
ProbioticsEpithelial integrity ↑
Tight junction protein expression ↑
Bacterial translocation ↓
Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α ↓
Restoration of Th1/Th2 balance
Treg cell numbers and function, IL-10 and TGF-β ↑
SCFAs production (especially butyrate) ↑
FMTPro-inflammatory cytokine secretion ↓
Restoration of Th1/Th2 balance
Stimulates T cell activity and leukocyte adhesion
Change in intestinal bacterial diversity (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes ↑/Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria ↓)
Intestinal permeability ↓
Epithelial integrity ↑
SCFAs production ↑
Intestinal pH ↓
Bacterial adhesion to H2O2