Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 95881
Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95881
Table 1 Etiological risk factors for diabetic retinopathy
Non-modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
Newer risk factors
PubertyHypertension Inflammation
PregnancyObesityApolipoproteins
DyslipidemiaHormonal influence
Poor glycemic controlLeptin and adiponectin vitamin D
NephropathyOxidative stress
Genetic factors