Tracheostomy-related data from an intensive care unit for two consecutive years before the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 4 Comparison between the patients who survived and those who did not survived, n (%)

		Survived	Did not survived	P value
Gender	Male	302/542 (55.7)	73/118 (61.9)	0.22
	Female	240/542 (44.3)	45/118 (38.1)
Age (yr)		59.8 ± 16.7	62.2 ± 17.4	0.16
Cause of admission	CNS	288/542 (53.1)	57/118 (48.3)	0.36
	CVS	13/542 (2.4)	15/118 (12.7)	< 0.001
	RS	45/542 (8.3)	11/118 (9.3)	0.72
	Sepsis	4/542 (0.7)	0/118 (0.0)	1.00
	Malignancy	10/542 (1.9)	10/118 (8.5)	0.001
	Trauma	56/542 (10.3)	3/118 (2.5)	0.007
	Surgery	115/542 (21.2)	12/118 (10.2)	0.006
	Metabolic	11/542 (2.0)	10/118 (8.5)	0.001
Cause of intubation	Not intubated	19/542 (3.5)	0/118 (0.0)	0.033
	CNS	144/542 (26.6)	47/118 (39.8)	0.004
	CVS	14/542 (2.6)	17/118 (14.4)	< 0.001
	RS	33/542 (6.1)	9/118 (7.6)	0.54
	Trauma	30/542 (5.5)	4/118 (3.4)	0.34
	Metabolic	23/542 (4.2)	11/118 (9.3)	0.036
	Compromised airway	23/542 (4.2)	4/118 (3.4)	0.80
	Sepsis	11/542 (2.0)	25/118 (21.2)	< 0.001
	Surgery	245/542 (45.2)	1/118 (0.9)	< 0.001
GCS (N)		12.6 ± 4.0	7.9 ± 4.8	< 0.001
APACHE II (N)		16.9 ± 7.0	25.1 ± 7.3	< 0.001
APDR (%)		27.4 ± 20.6	54.4 ± 23.0	< 0.001
Number of co-morbidities (N)		1.7 ± 1.5	2.1 ± 1.5	0.005
Co-morbidity	Cardiovascular	260/542 (48.0)	69/118 (58.5)	0.039
	Metabolic	217/542 (40.0)	56/118 (47.5)	0.14
	Respiratory	56/542 (10.3)	18/118 (15.3)	0.13
	Autoimmune	8/542 (1.5)	2/118 (1.7)	0.70
	Malignancy	68/542 (12.6)	15/118 (12.7)	0.96
	Psychiatric	36/542 (6.6)	10/118 (8.5)	0.48
	Renal	31/542 (5.7)	10/118 (8.5)	0.26
	Neurological	34/542 (6.3)	8/118 (6.8)	0.84
	Hematological	11/542 (2.0)	8/118 (6.8)	0.011
	Urological	23/542 (4.2)	3/118 (2.5)	0.60
	Infectious	9/542 (1.7)	1/118 (0.9)	1.00
Tracheostomy	No	446/542 (82.3)	99/118 (83.9)	0.79
	Yes	96/542 (17.7)	19/118 (16.1)
Reason for tracheostomy	Prolonged mechanical ventilation	22/96 (22.9)	3/19 (15.8)	0.76
	Compromised airway	13/96 (13.5)	3/19 (15.8)	0.73
	Low level of consciousness	41/96 (42.7)	8/19 (42.1)	0.96
	Myopathy	20/96 (20.8)	5/19 (26.3)	0.56
Timing of tracheostomy	Early	53/96 (55.2)	10/19 (52.6)	0.84
	Late	43/96 (44.8)	9/19 (47.4)
Reason for early tracheostomy	Prolonged duration of stay	31/53 (58.5)	5/10 (50.0)	0.73
	Compromised airway	7/53 (13.2)	1/10 (10.0)	0.78
	Trauma	10/53 (18.9)	3/10 (30.0)	0.42
	Neuromuscular disease	5/53 (9.4)	1/10 (10.0)	1.00
Method of tracheostomy	PDT	79/96 (82.3)	17/19 (89.5)	0.74
	ST	17/96 (17.7)	2/19 (10.5)
Reason for ST	Facial trauma	4/17 (23.5)	1/2 (50.0)	0.47
	Cervical burn	0/17 (0.0)	1/2 (50.0)	0.11
	Difficult airway	6/17 (35.3)	0/2 (0.0)	1.00
	Cervical edema	1/17 (5.9)	0/2 (0.0)	1.00
	Goiter	4/17 (23.5)	0/2 (0.0)	1.00
	Re-opening	2/17 (11.8)	0/2 (0.0)	1.00
Complications [N/T, (%)]		0/96 (0.0)	0/19 (0.0)	n/a
VAP		25/96 (26.0)	6/19 (31.6)	0.62
Pathogen isolated	None	8/40 (20.0)	3/7 (42.9)	0.33
	Candida albicans	1/40 (2.5)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	4/40 (10.0)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Acinetobacter baumanii	12/40 (30.0)	3/7 (42.9)	0.66
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	9/40 (22.5)	1/7 (14.3)	1.00
	Staphylococcus aureus	1/40 (2.5)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Proteus mirabilis	2/40 (5.0)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Escherichia coli	1/40 (2.5)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Enterococcus faecium	1/40 (2.5)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
	Hemophilus influenzae	1/40 (2.5)	0/7 (0.0)	1.00
Days in ICU (N)		6.7 ± 9.9	8.9 ± 9.8	0.028

N: Number; CNS: Central nervous system; CVS: Cardiovascular system; RS: Respiratory system; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; APDR: APACHE predicted death rate; VAP: Ventilator associated pneumonia; ICU: Intensive care unit; PDT: Percutaneous tracheostomy; ST: Surgical tracheostomy.