Can propensity score matching replace randomized controlled trials?

Table 4 Summary of the advantages of propensity score matching and randomized controlled trials

Propensity score matching	RCTs
Allows for utilization of retrospective data where randomization was not done	Gold standard for causal inference by eliminating bias
Improves efficiency of subject enrolment in prospective studies	Required as part of regulatory requirements
Allows analysis of causal inference in investigations where ethical considerations forbid RCTs	Allows researchers to conduct targeted studies to answer specific questions
Better external validity and generalizability	Better internal validity
Avoidance of type II errors
Shorter timeline to study completion

RCTs: Randomized controlled trials.