Biliary fistula and late recurrence of liver hydatid cyst: Role of cysto-biliary communication: A prospective multicenter study

Table 3 Characteristics of biliary complications and recurrence (N = 16), n (%)

Biliary complications	n = 16
Type
External biliary fistula	9 (56.2)
Cyst cavity biliary abscess	4 (25)
Biliary peritonitis	3 (18.8)
Grade
Grade A	6 (37.5)
Grade B	7 (43.7)
Grade C	3 (18.8)
Time of development (days) mean ± SD	3.13 ± 1.78
Treatment
Conservative	6 (37.5)
Ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage	7 (43.7)
Reoperation	3 (18.8)
Time to leakage cessation (days) mean ± SD	14.38 ± 6.12
Recurrence	n = 30
Site
Right lobe	18 (60)
Left lobe	6 (20)
Peritoneum	4 (13.3)
Spleen	2 (6.7)
Clinical presentation
Asymptomatic	7 (23.3)
Pain	13 (43.3)
Mass	4 (13.3)
Nausea & vomiting	2 (6.7)
Infection	2 (6.7)
Rupture	1 (3.3)
Jaundice	1 (3.3)
Time to diagnosis (yr) mean ± SD	2.48 ± 0.98
Size (cm) mean ± SD	4.93 ± 2.72
Stage
CE2	25 (83.3)
CE3b	5 (16.7)
Treatment
Pericystectomy	17 (56.7)
Left hepatectomy	6 (20)
Abdominal exploration and excision of recurrent abdominal HCD	4 (13.3)
Splenectomy (for recurrent splenic HCD)	2 (6.7)
CBD stent + pericystectomy	1 (3.3)

CE: Cystic echinococcosis; CBD: Common bile duct; HCD: Hydatid cyst disease.