Biliary fistula and late recurrence of liver hydatid cyst: Role of cysto-biliary communication: A prospective multicenter study

Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes (n = 244), n (%)

Intraoperative outcome	n = 244
Operative time (min) (mean ± SD)	107.32 ± 6.92
≤ Median (106)	126 (51.6)
> Median (106)	118 (48.4)
Blood transfusion
1 unit	4 (1.6)
2 units	2 (0.8)
Cystic fluid spillage	12 (4.9)
Conversion	7 (2.9)
Causes of conversion
Extensive adhesion	5 (2.1)
Organ injury	1 (0.4)
Difficult cyst detection	1 (0.4)
Anaphylaxis	2 (0.8)
Cyst fluid biochemical indices
High both bilirubin-high alkaline phosphatase	15 (6.1)
Postoperative outcomes	n = 244
Postoperative hospital stay (days) mean ± SD	3.44 ± 2.51, 3 (2-20)
ICU admission	9 (3.7)
Early postoperative complications	28 (11.5)
Type of early postoperative complications
Wound infection	7 (2.9)
Cyst cavity bile collection	6 (2.5)
Ileus	2 (0.8)
Subphrenic abscess	4 (1.6)
Subphrenic hematoma	3 (1.2)
Cholangitis	4 (1.6)
Pneumonia	1 (0.4)
Atelectasis	1 (0.4)
None	215 (88.1)
Clavien-Dindo classification
0	213 (87.3)
I	8 (3.3)
II	11 (4.5)
III	12 (4.9)
Biliary complications	16 (6.6)
Late postoperative complications
Port/incisional site hernia	7 (2.9)
Recurrence	30 (12.3)

ICU: Intensive care unit.