Pain reduction and adverse effects of intravenous metoclopramide for acute migraine attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Age, year	Intervention	Comparisons	Sample size (intervention/comparisons)	Outcomes of interest
Yavuz et al[16], 2020, Turkey	36.8 ± 11.4	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV dexketoprofen trometamol 50 mg; 2 IV dexketoprofen trometamol 50 mg plus IV metoclopramide 10 mg	150 (50/50/50)	VAS at 0, 15, and 30 min, adverse effects, and requirement of rescue medicine
Khazaei et al[17], 2019, Iran	36.8 ± 9.9	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV dexamethasone 8 mg; 2 IV ketorolac 30 mg; 3 IV chlorpromazine 25 mg	128 (32/32/32/32)	VAS at 0 min, 60 min, and 24 h, adverse effects
Doğan et al[18], 2019, Turkey	34 ± 13.3	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 Placebo	148 (74/74)	Pain intensity at 30 min, adverse effects, and requirement of rescue analgesicChange in pain intensity, additional ED visit in 24-72 h after discharge
Amiri et al[19], 2017, Iran	33.5	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV granisetron 2 mg	148 (73/75)	VAS before and at 1, 2, and 4 h after drug administration, emesis episode
Friedman et al[20], 2014, USA	33.7 ± 13.1	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV sodium valproate 1000 mg; 2 IV ketorolac 30 mg	330 (110/110/110)	Verbal NRS and ordinal pain scale every 30 min, adverse effects, and requirement of rescue medication
Talabi et al[21], 2013, Iran	30.9 ± 8.0	IV metoclopramide 20 mg	1 SC sumatriptan 6 mg	124 (62/62)	VAS at 0 and 60 min
Friedman et al[22], 2004, Turkey	34 ± 4.4	IV metoclopramide 20 mg	1 SC sumatriptan 6 mg	78 (40/38)	NRS at 0, 2, and 24 h, and rate of pain free headache response at 2 and 24 h, rate of modified headache response, associated symptoms, satisfaction, disability score, and requirement for rescue drug
Cete et al[10], 2004, Iran	40 ± 12	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV magnesium sulphate 2 g; 2 Placebo	113 (37/36/40)	VAS at 0, 15, and 30 min, additional analgesic, rescue medication, adverse events in ED, and recurrence rate at 24 h
Ellis et al[23], 1993, USA	N/A	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 Oral ibuprofen 600 mg; 2 IV metoclopramide 10 mg + PO ibuprofen 600 mg; 3 Placebo	40 (10/10/10/10)	VAS and nausea scores at 0, 30, and 60 min, requirement of rescue medication
Cameron et al[24], 1995, USA	32.1 ± 27.0	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV chlorpromazine 0.1 mg/kg	91 (44/47)	VAS at 0 and every 15 min, requirement of rescue drug
Friedman et al[25], 2008, USA	36.0 ± 11.1	IV diphenhydramine 25 mg + IV metoclopramide 20 mg	1 IV diphenhydramine 25 mg + IV prochlorperazine 10 mg	77 (38/39)	NRS and pain intensity categorical scale at 0 and every 30 min
Coppola et al[26], 1995, USA	N/A	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV chlorpromazine 10 mg; 2 Placebo	70 (24/22/24)	VAS, nausea, and sedation at 0 and 30 min. Early relapse rate in 48 h
Gaffigan et al[27], 2015, USA	29 ± 7.9	IV diphenhydramine 25 mg + IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 IV diphenhydramine 25 mg + IV haloperidol 5 mg	64 (33/31)	Pain, nausea, restlessness, and sedation at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 min, requirement of rescue medication, patient satisfaction, adverse events, early discharge, ED revisit, and QT interval
Tek et al[28], 1990, USA	N/A	IV metoclopramide 10 mg	1 Placebo	50 (24/26)	Degree of pain relief at 1 h after treatment

ED: Emergency department; IV: Intravenous; N/A: Not applicable; NRS: Numerical rating scale; SC: Subcutaneous; VAS: Visual analog scale.