Nature and mechanism of immune boosting by Ayurvedic medicine: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Details of intervention and comparators

No	Ref.	Description	Intervention: Ayurvedic name1	Intervention: Scientific name	Intervention: Route; dose, frequency, duration2	Comparator: Description; route, dose, frequency, duration2
1	Enesel et al[18], 2005	Isorel® (Mistletoe, firtree)	Bandaaka, Suvarna-bandaaka etc.	Viscum album	Subcutaneous; 2 wk pre-operatively, 2 wk post-operatively; dose details not clear	Standard care
2	Ishikawa et al[21], 2006	Aged garlic extract	Lashuna, Rasona etc.	Allium sativum	Oral; 125 mg, 4 capsules daily, 12 wk	Matching placebo
3	Brush et al[22], 2006	Glycyrrhizia glabra tincture	Yashtimadhu, Madhuyashtyaahvaa etc.	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Oral; 0.44 g/7.5 mL, twice daily, 7 d	Matching placebo tincture
4	Schink et al[27], 2007	Standard care + Iscador® (Standardized mistletoe extract)	Bandaaka, Suvarna-bandaaka etc.	Viscum album	IV infusion; 5 mg, single dose	Standard care
5	Purandare et al[33], 2007	Standard care + Tinospora cordifolia	Guduuchi, Guduuchikaa etc.	Tinospora cordifolia	Details not available	Standard care + matching Placebo
6	Uebaba et al[29], 2008	Shirodhara oil-dripping treatment using sesame oil	Shirodhara; Tila, Snehphala	Sesamum indicum	Oil dripping on forehead; single sitting	Control supine position; single sitting
7	Bhat et al[28], 2010	Fortified tea with Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhzia glabra, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum & Elettaria cardamomum	Ashwagandha; Yashtimadhu; Aardraka, Shunthi; Tulasi; Elaa	Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhzia glabra, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Elettaria cardamomum	Oral; 2.06 g, thrice daily, 2 mo	Regular tea; Oral; 2 g, thrice daily, 2 mo
8	Işik et al[23], 2010	Specific immunotherapy + Nigella sativa	Kaalaajaaji, Kalikaa etc.	Nigella sativa	Oral; 2 g daily, 1 mo	Specific immunotherapy alone
9	Kianbakht et al[30], 2011	Saffron tablet	Kumkuma, Rudhira, Kaashmiraka etc.	Crocus sativus	Oral; 100 mg daily, 6 wk	Matching placebo
10	Mondal et al[24], 2011	Tulsi capsules	Tulasi, Surasa, Suravalli etc.	Ocimum sanctum	Oral; 300 mg daily, 4 wk	Matching placebo
11	Nantz et al[26], 2012	Aged garlic extract	Lashuna, Rasona etc.	Allium sativum	Oral; 640 mg, 4 capsules daily, 90 d	Matching placebo
12	Suprabha et al[32], 2017	Rasayana Avaleha with milk	Composite4	Composite4	Oral; 12 g, twice daily, 2 mo	Calcium carbonate (500 mg) with ferrous sulfate (200 mg); Oral; daily, 2 mo
13	Gupta et al[34], 2017	Cyavanaprasa (Dabur) with milk	Composite4	Composite4	Oral; 6 g, twice daily, 6 mo	Milk; Oral, 100-200 mL, twice daily, 6 mo
14	Rais et al[36], 2021	Intervention 1: Vyaghryadi Kashaya (50 mL) + Pippali (250 mg) + Samshamani vati (500 mg)	Vyaghryadi Kashaya: Kantakari, Shunthi, Guduchi; Pippali; Samshamani vati: Guduchi	Solanum xanthocarpum, Zingiber officinale, Tinospora cordifolia, Piper longum	Oral; twice daily, 10 d	Vitamin C (500 mg) twice daily, Paracetamol (500 mg) as needed
		Intervention 2: Shunthi churna (2 g) + Rasona kalka (1 g)	Shunthi; Rasona, Lasuna	Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum	Oral; Shunti churna: Twice daily, Rasona: once daily; 10 d
15	Bhaskaran et al[31], 2019	Swarna Bhasma (Calcined powder of gold), honey, ghrita	Swarna prashana, madhu, ghrita	NA	Oral; Swarna bhasma: 0.2-2.4 mg3; once daily, 4 wk	Oral Honey + ghrita; dose details not available
16	Kumar et al[35], 2014	Intervention 1: Mamajjaka capsules	Maamajjaka, Naagjhvaa etc.	Enicostemma littorale	Oral; 500 mg, twice daily, 3 mo	Control; no details available
		Intervention 2: Shilajatu capsules	Shilajatu	Asphaltum punjabinum	Oral; 500 mg, twice daily, 3 mo
17	Ravindran et al[25], 2014	Varunadi Ghrita + Standard care	Composite4	Composite4	Oral; 5 g, twice daily, 1 y	Standard care
18	Somarathna et al[20], 2010	Ranahamsa Rasayana	Composite4	Composite4	Oral; 5 g, twice daily, 90 d	Standard care
19	Gupta et al[19], 2010	Shilajatu Rasayana	Composite4	Composite4	Oral; 95 g over first 15 d, later 6 g per day for 75 d	Standard care

¹Out of various Ayurvedic names, only two are mentioned.

²d: Day; wk: Week; m: Month; yr: Year.

³Dosage varied based on age of infant.

⁴Detailed composition: Supplementary Table 3. IV: Intravenous.