Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Table 2 Quality assessment

Ref.	Year	Selection bias	Study design	Confounders	Blinding	Data collection methods	Withdrawals and drop-outs	Global rating
Nye[1]	2014	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
De Aguiar et al[2]	2011	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
Eventov-Friedman et al[3]	2010	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
AAP[4]	2008	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Litmanovitz et al[5]	2010	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Cagini et al[6]	2017	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
Loh et al[7]	2018	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Donahue et al[8]	2016	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Li et al[11]	2010	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Gurney et al[12]	2018	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Levin[13]	2015	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Sloot et al[14]	2015	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Wan et al[15]	2014	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Tuli et al[16]	2011	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Moderate	NA	Weak
Ozkurt et al[17]	2018	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
Bell et al[19]	2014	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Balmer et al[20]	2007	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Mansoor et al[21]	2016	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Popoola et al[22]	2019	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Abramson et al[23]	2003	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
AAP et al[24]	2002	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Li et al[25]	2013	Strong	Weak	Strong	Weak	Strong	NA	Weak
Butros et al[26]	2002	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Weak	Weak	NA	Weak
Sun et al[28]	2016	Strong	Weak	Strong	Weak	strong	NA	Weak
DerKinderen et al[29]	1989	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Weak	Strong	NA	Weak
Goddard et al[30]	1999	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Weak	Strong	NA	Weak
Bhatti et al[31]	2003	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Moderate	NA	Weak
Rajavi et al[32]	2016	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Gogate et al[33]	2011	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Haargaard et al[34]	2015	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Atiq et al[35]	2004	Weak	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Meier et al[36]	2006	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Donahue et al[37]	2016	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
Mndeme et al[38]	2010	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
Magnusson et al[39]	2013	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Strong	NA	Moderate
Özkurt et al[40]	2019	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
Ulanovsky et al[41]	2015	Strong	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Moderate	NA	Moderate
Raoof et al[42]	2016	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
Wall et al[44]	2002	Weak	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
Gupta et al[45]	2019	Weak	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Munson et al[46]	2019	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Moderate	NA	Weak
Chen et al[52]	2019	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Strong	NA	Weak
AAP[53]	2003	Moderate	Weak	Strong	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak
Anderson[54]	2019	Moderate	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Weak	NA	Weak

NA: Not applicable.