Epigenetics and DNA methylation in cancer

Table 2 Abnormal DNA methylation patterns in cancer cells and related consequences

DNA hypomethylation	Consequence
Global hymethylation	Reactivation of endoparasitic and repetitive genomic sequences Chromosomal and genomic instability
Hypomethylation of gene bodies	Activation of incorrect sites of transcription initiation
Loss of promoter methylation	Activation of metastasis and tumour promoting genes
DNA hypermethylation	Consequence
Promoter CpG island	Tumour-suppressor gene silencing
(CpGI) methylation	Inhibition of transcription factors suppressors
Loss of imprinting	Abnormal transcriptional inactivation Deregulation of imprinted genes

Adapted by Cock-Rada et al[8], 2013.